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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
18 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
The development and evaluation of Backcross Inbred Lines harbouring major R genes, Bph20 and Bph21 against Brown Plant Hopper in elite Rice cultivar CO 51
The Brown Plant Hopper (BPH) is a destructive insect pest that is exclusively a monophagous pest on rice plants in rice-growing regions worldwide. BPH populations have evolved into new biotypes, becoming highly destructive to rice crop production. To enhance host plant resistance against the virulent BPH biotypes, this study aimed to introduce major broad-spectrum resistant genes, namely Bph20 and Bph21, derived from IR71033-121-15B (derived from Oryza minuta), into the susceptible elite rice cultivar CO 51. Backcross Inbred Lines (BILs) at the BC2F3 stage, harbouring Bph20 and Bph21, were developed through crosses between CO 51/IR71033-121-15B. A total of twenty BILs, along with the parents and control lines, were screened using the Modified Bulk Seedling Test (MBST) in a replicated trial. The recurrent parent CO 51 displayed an average susceptibility score of 7.5 against the BPH biotype, whereas the BILs exhibited improved resistance compared to the recurrent parent. Among them, BIL #12-2-2-2, BIL #12-2-2-9, BIL #12-2-6-3, BIL #12-2-6-5, BIL #12-2-6-6 and BIL #12-2-6-7 consistently demonstrated resistant reactions with an average score of less than 5 against the BPH biotype. The yield per plant improved from 0.48% to 7.84% in BILs over the recurrent parent CO 51. BIL #12-2-6-6 was recorded as a 7.84% higher yield over recurrent parent CO 51 followed by BIL #12-2-6-3 (7.30%) and BIL #12-2-6-5 (6.53%). This study successfully stacked or introgressed the major broad-spectrum genes Bph20 and Bph21, resulting in highly resistant BILs against the BPH biotype.
The use of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reduce the application of chemicals fertilization on the growth in Wheat (Triticum durum Desf)
Among the sustainable and more respectful alternative strategies for man and his environment, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are used to limit or reduce fertilizers constitutes a problem in terms of cost and damage to the environment and soil. This study evaluated the effects of chemical fertilization and native mycorrhizal fungi collected from palm grove rhizospheres on the growth of wheat (Triticum durum Desf). NPK fertilizers were applied at four levels (0, 25, 50, and 100%) with or without native AMF inoculation. Results of all studied parameters showed that 25% and 50% chemical fertilizer combined with AM fungi gave the best growth improvement in wheat plants compared to inoculation with AMF alone. The other treatments with 100% chemical fertilizer combined with native AMF showed a decreased effect and mycorrhizal colonization is reduced by about 40%. This suggests that the combined application of low levels of chemical fertilizer and AMF can increase wheat growth and yield more efficiently than the application of either alone. On the other hand, it will preserve the environment and soil health, so the use of native AMF has an interesting economic and environmental advantage.
Supplementation of Graded Levels of an Ethanolic Extract from Rumen Liquor as a Prebiotic in Broiler Chicken Diets: Effects onFeed Intake and Growth Performance
We conducted the present work to determine the optimum dose of ethanolic extract of rumen liquor as a prebiotic for broiler chicken. Rumen liquor collected from the slaughterhouse was processed to precipitate a soluble fiber fraction. A growth trial was conducted for 42 days on 480 broiler chicks divided into four groups: CO, RL0.025, RL0.05 and RL0.10. The chicks were fed a maize-soybean-based pre-starter diet (1-14 days), starter diet (15-21 days), and finisher diet (21-42 days) supplemented with RL fraction at the rate of 0.0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% (w/w) for CO, RL0.025, RL0.05 and RL0.10 groups, respectively. Live weight gain was comparable for all groups till the starter stage. In the finisher stage, significantly higher growth, better FCR and PER were observed in RL-supplemented birds compared to the CO birds, with the best performance in the RL0.10 group. It is concluded that RL extract supplementation effectively improves the growth performance of broiler chickens without an increase in feed intake. However, supplementation at 0.10% (w/w) level in feed is more effective than lower doses in improving the growth performance of broiler chickens, which resulted in higher savings in rearing costs.
Supplementation of a Prebiotic Fraction Isolated from Rumen Liquor in Broiler Chicken Diets: Effects on Haematology, Hepatic Function Tests and Lipid Profile
The present research scrutinized the impact of replacing antibiotics from broiler chicken diets with rumen liquor fraction (RL) or xylooligosaccharides over haematological profile, liver function assay and lipid profile. Rumen liquor was collected from a slaughterhouse and processed to recover a soluble fiber fraction. Day-old broiler chicks (Ven Cobb-400 strain, n = 480) were grouped into four groups, namely CO (Unsupplemented), RL (0.05% RL), XOS (0.05% Xylooligosaccharides), and AB (Enramycin 0.0125%), with 6 replicates (n=20) per group. Six chickens per replicate were slaughtered for sample collection at 42 days age. Haemoglobin levels of the RL, XOS, and AB groups were significantly lower than the CO group. Total leucocyte count and eosinophils (%) were significantly higher in the XOS group. No significant difference was observed between dietary groups for the liver function assay. Significantly higher HDL cholesterol levels were observed in the prebiotic-supplemented groups, whereas significantly lower triglyceride and VLDL levels were observed in XOS-supplemented birds.
Influence of Maize Shank Size for the Colonization of Trichoderma viride under on farm condition
Trichoderma viride is a promising biocontrol agent against major soil-borne plant pathogens like Macrophomina, Fusarium, Sclerotium, and Rhizoctonia sps, which are causing significant crop losses ranging from 25 to 45 percent. The availability of viable spore inoculum under farm-level conditions is a significant constraint for the effective management of soil-borne diseases. In addition to recycling crop residues to enhance soil health, there is an emerging need for crop cultivation. To explore the substrate for on-farm production of T. viride, an investigation was made into the effectiveness of maize shank for on-farm multiplication. The studies on the spawning technique for multiplication of T. viride using different sizes of shank such as 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 cm and powdered form of shank revealed that the powdered shank inoculated with talc formulation (20 x 106 cfu/g) of T. viride @ 10 gram in 200g shank-based spawn with 40 % moistened was found to be effective for the colonization of T. viride 28 days after inoculation.