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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
18 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION STUDY OF PLANT BASED VITAL NUTRACEUTICALS ON QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF PIZZA CHEESE
Milk and Milk products is an excellent option as a food delivery vehicle for vital ingredient as it carries many other health benefits. However, milk and milk products are poor source of omega 3 fatty acids and devoid of dietary fibre. Nowadays, consumers trend is towards westernized products with much emphasis on pizza cheese, therefore plant based key ingredients like flaxseed oil, algal oil as the source of omega 3 fatty acids and inulin as a dietary fibre were added in the form of emulsion and further dried encapsulated powder to provide more functionality to the consumers, keeping well the taste attributes. From the sensory studies, it could be concluded that incorporation levels of emulsion and encapsulated powder @ 6 and 3 per cent respectively, in the milk as well as in the curd during pizza cheese preparation were acceptable by the panelists. Furthermore, it was found that only 40per cent of nutraceuticals were retained in the pizza cheese, whereas a humongous i.e., 60 per cent were lost in the whey analyzing the samples. From this study, it was concluded that retained vital ingredients present in the pizza cheese were not up to the recommended level to provide appropriate health benefits. Hence, the pizza cheese (processed) is an alternative option to retain the expected vital ingredients to provide the health benefits.
STATUS AND DIMENSION OF RICE PRODUCTION IN MANIPUR -An analysis of the yield gap
A study on the status and dimension of rice production in Imphal West and Chandel district of Manipur shows that the state of Manipur particularly the valley districts contribute mainly in the production and productivity of rice as compare to the hill district. The analysis of the existing rice varieties about the production and productivity indicates the existence of yield gap across the improved varieties upto 17.84% in yield Gap-I, 12.56% in yield Gap-II in the valley districts and 19.66% in yield Gap-I and 17.58% in yield Gap-II in the hill districts due to the various technical, environmental, socio-economic and institutional problems and constraints. Interventions such as On-Farm Trial cum Testing, Front Line Demonstration, Scientific training, Seed Production, Field Day, Mobile Agro-Advisories, Method Demonstrations, Extension literatures, popular articles, Radio & TV Talks, improved farm mechanization, resource conservation technologies such as ICM, SRI, introduction of NANO urea, Drone application and climate resilient technologies and varietal diversification can minimize the yield gap of rice production and productivity scenario in the state of Manipur. Reviving and strengthening of irrigation infrastructures, effective implementation of Govt. schemes, financial inclusions along with sound agriculture state agricultural policy including the fertilizers delivery mechanisms can changed the socio-economic profile of the rice-growers and can ultimately fulfill or attain the self-reliant rice producing state.
Morphological and molecular-based differentiation of diverse seedlings of polyembryonic mango genotypes
Nucellar seedlings of polyembryonic varieties are utilized as rootstocks hence distinguishing nucellar from zygotic seedlings in the polyembryonic kernel is crucial for obtaining clonal rootstock material. The current study aimed to identify the origin of multiple seedlings in the polyembryonic Mango cultivars Vellaikulamban and Olour with monoembryonic reference Totapuri. Morphological studies on embryos’ position, fresh weight, length, and width of kernel embryos were recorded. Twelve markers were used to identify the origin of seedlings. The third position embryo in the polyembryonic kernels exhibited maximum fresh weight, length, and width followed by 4th and 2nd position embryos. However, the average embryos per kernel were maximum in Olour. Analysed PCR products were subjected to gene scan analysis and data was compared through the Neighbour Joining method. Eleven markers showed polymorphism in the differentiation of nucellar and zygotic seedlings. Based on the genetic dissimilarity, the genetically variant zygotic seedlings of polyembryonic genotypes (VK-3C, OL-3C, OL-4D, Tota-1) were grouped with monoembryonic maternal Totapuri (Tota-M) in the same cluster while those nucellar originated seedlings of Vellaikulamban and Olour were grouped with their respective maternal parent (VK-M, OL-M). The current study provides a basic understanding of prior seedling identification for the selection of clonal rootstock for propagation.
Effect of wet brewer’s spent grain feeding on carcass characteristics of Salem black goat kids
The study involved Salem Black kids at the age of three month and randomly dividing them into four treatment group (n=6). The first group fed with roughage as negative control and second group fed with roughage and concentrate as positive control. In third and fourth groups fifty and hundred per cent concentrate mixture replaced by wet brewer’s spent grain. Experimental diets were formulated as isonitrogenous and is caloric diet based on the ICAR (2013) guidelines. At the end of the 6th month of age on slaughter of kids, there was no significant difference in the mean preslaughter weight and mean dressing weight among the treatment groups. The mean empty carcass weight and empty carcass per cent also did not vary among the treatment groups. The mean dressing percentage of the kids in the T4 group was significantly (p< 0.05) higher than that of the kids in the T1 group and it was similar between T2 and T3 groups. The mean loin eye area in the kids of the T3 and T4 groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the T1 group. The per cent of total inedible parts was significantly (p<0.05) least in the kids supplemented with WBSG (100%) as compared to the kids in the T1 group. However, the percentage of whole sale cuts, neck and shoulder, breast and fore shank, rack, loin, legs, fore saddle and hind saddle were not influenced by the supplementation of concentrate or the WBSG in the Salem Black kids. The mean values of longissimus muscle fatty acids did not vary among the treatment groups; however, the C16:0 level was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the T4 compared to other groups. The supplementation of neither concentrate nor WBSG to kids had any significant influence on the n6/n3 ratio and PUFA values in the muscle. The mean PUFA/SFA ratio was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the T4 group as compared to all other treatment groups. Likewise, the longissimus muscle fatty acids C18:1(oleic acid), C18:2 (linoleic acid), MUFA, PUFA, PUFA: SFA were significantly increased and C16:0 (palmitic), C18:0 (stearic acid) and SFA were significantly decreased in the T4 group kids as compared to the control. Feeding of WBSG with roughage caused higher dressing percentage with lesser content of inedible parts. LCFA contents of the muscle were increased in kids with increase in MUFA and PUFA along with a decrease of SFA content which are beneficial to the consumer health.
Climate Change and Its Potential Impacts on the Survival of Soil Nematodes
Climate change is the statistical distribution of weather patterns over time. This is caused by increased greenhouse gas emissions, poses a serious threat to crop production sustainability by interfering with biotic and abiotic components and their interaction. Nematodes are a significant biotic constraint in crop production. Because of their trophic diversity, nematodes occupy a central position in soil food webs and play an important role in providing essential ecosystem services. Global climate change has a significant environmental impact on plant ecosystems. Global warming, which increased carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature in the atmosphere may have a direct impact on nematodes by interfering with their developmental rate and survival strategies. Several studies have shown that geographical distribution of nematode may expand with global warming, spreading nematode problems to newer areas. Other trophic groups of nematodes (microbial feeders, predators and insect parasites) have been shown to influence plant productivity indirectly by regulating key ecosystem processes such as decomposition, mineralization, biological pest suppression and energy transfer in food webs. Elevated CO2, temperature and precipitation levels have a significant impact on the biology of nematodes including plant and insect- parasitic nematodes. The impact of climate change may be insignificant in comparison to major technical, environmental, and economic shifts that are affecting agricultural production over the next century; however, it will add another layer of unpredictability and complexity to a system that is already exceedingly difficult to manage on an environmentally sound basis. Greater research on climate change research on climate change related issues may lead to a better understanding and management of diseases that affect plants in the face of present and potential climate extremes.