AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering.
WOS Indexed (2026)
30 Jun 2026 (Vol - 57 , Issue- 07 )
31 Jul 2026 (Vol - 57 , Issue 07 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Impact of factors influencing antimicrobial prescribing behavior of Veterinarians on their Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) about antimicrobial resistance and stewardship
Increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance in human and veterinary medicine have raised concerns around the issue of overprescribing and the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. Antimicrobial use in food producing animals is under scrutiny due to the perceived risk from the zoonotic transfer of resistant pathogens from animals to humans. Determining significant factors that influencing veterinarian’s antimicrobial prescribing behavior can help to bridge the gap between prescribing recommendations and clinical utilization. Understanding the factors deciding prescription practices of veterinarians and its effect on their knowledge, attitude and practices towards antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is crucial in guiding efforts to curb AMR. A questionnaire study was conducted to evaluate the factors influencing veterinarian’s antimicrobial prescribing decisions in large animal practice and its impact on their knowledge, attitude and practices about AMR and stewardship among veterinarians in Kerala, India. The study findings revealed that clinical considerations influenced veterinarian’s antimicrobial prescribing decisions more than non-clinical reasons. Clinical signs/symptoms as well as the critical nature of the illness were the most often used clinical considerations in determining whether to prescribe an antimicrobial or not. Pharmacological considerations have a greater influence on antimicrobial prescribing than non-pharmacological factors. The most significant pharmacological factors were the antimicrobial's spectrum of activity, the duration of therapy and the route as well as frequency of administration. Multiple linear Regression analysis between factors influencing prescribing behavior and veterinarian’s knowledge, attitude and practices revealed that all the four factors i.e., clinical, non-clinical, pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors had a significant impact on explaining variations in veterinarian’s knowledge, attitude and practices about antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.
Assessment of efficiency of microbial production of stovers through in vitro gas production parameters
This study was performed to determine the nutritive value of sorghum (PKV 801- 1 and PKV 801- 4) and pearl millet stovers (ICMV 155 (1H), ICMV 155 (2H), ICMV 221 (1H), ICMV 221 (2H), Jakarana, Wrajpop, Sosat C 88 and Sadore local) which were grown in ICRISAT, Patancheru using in vitro gas production test. The in vitro samples were dried and ground in Wiley mill using a medium mesh of 1 mm and the 200 mg of ground samples were incubated in triplicate in calibrated gas syringe at 390C in waterbath. Rumen inoculum was replaced by Fecal Inoculum on microbial N equivalent for in vitro gas production technique. Fresh fecal sample (FI) for in vitro gas production test was collected from two adult bullocks of Ongole breed of similar sex, age and weight, kept exclusively on stover feeding. The volume of in vitro gas production of stovers was measured at 0, 3, 6,9,12,24,48,72 and 96 hr of incubation. Gas production data were fitted to the exponential model P= a+b (1-e-ct) for calculating the kinetics of gas production. The partitioning factor (PF) was also estimated from incubation residues which were refluxed with neutral detergent fiber solution. In vitro efficiency of microbial production (EMP) was also calculated from the amount of substrate truly degraded (TSD) and gas volume. Significantly (p<0.05) the highest IVOMD was observed for stover ICMV 221 (1H). PF value at half time of gas production was ranged from 3.32 to 6.04 for stovers. The amount of organic matter truly degraded ranged from 50.7 to 109.30 mg / 200 mg substrate incubated with an average value of 66.3 mg/ 200 mg substrate observed for stovers. The lowest, time to half maximal gas production (t1/2) volume of 9.3 ml was observed in ICMV 221 (1H) variety of stover and the substrate that produces less gas volume and higher in amount of substrate truly degraded had higher feed intake. To confirm the above findings, an in vivo experiment was conducted on Deccani sheep to know the nutritive value of the stovers and resulted that the high voluntary feed intake was observed in the group fed with the stover ICMV 221 (1H). To conclude, the data related to the kinetic parameters, TSD and EMP of stovers, supports the fact that the stover variety ICMV 221 (2H) was superior than other stover varieties evaluated and had a promising future for feeding ruminants.
Biological activity of three varieties of date stone ash (DEGLAT-NOUR / MECH DEGLA / HMIRA)
Date pits are the waste product of several date processing industries, and are either discarded or partially incorporated into animal feed. A number of studies have revealed their richness in various interesting biochemical and mineral substances. Our research focuses on the methanolic extraction of three varieties of Phoenix dactylifera L. date pits: DEGLAT-NOR, MECH-DEGLA and HMIRA. Chemical analyses revealed a high concentration of phenolic compounds (31.60 mg GAE/g extract) for the HMIRA variety, 28.77 mg GAE/g extract for DEGLAT-NOR and 20.39 mg GAE/g extract for MECH-DEGLAand flavonoids 20.841 mg CQE/g dry extract for the HMIRA variety, 15. 711 mg CQE/g dry extract for DEGLAT-NOR, 13.333 mg CQE/g dry extract for MECH-DEGLA and the results indicate a high antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 1.64 mg/ml for the HMIRA variety, DEGLAT-NOR confirms an IC50 which is 1.835 mg/ml and IC50 which is 2.017 mg/ml for the MECH-DEGLA variety. HMIRA date stones have a higher antioxidant power than the DEGLET NOUR and MECH-DEGLA varieties. Its richness in polyphenols and flavonoids exceeds that of the other two varieties. Antimicrobial activity was determined on four bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sublilis, Escherichia coli), using the disc diffusion method. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of date stones of three varieties has antibacterial activity at different concentrations.
Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Challenges (SWOC) of Kangayam cattle
The present study was conducted in Coimbatore, Erode, Karur and Tirupur districts of Tamil Nadu with the objectives to explore the strength, weakness, opportunities and challenges prevailing and to develop suitable extension strategies for in situ conservation of Kangayam cattle. Snowball sampling technique was pursued to identify 50Kangayamcattle farmersin each district, thus a total of 200 respondents were selected for the study. Rank Based Quotients (RBQ) technique was employed to find out the most important item under each section of SWOC toolpertaining to the Kangayam cattle farming which was developed through series of focused group discussions. Results revealed that the most important strengths expressed by the respondents were; inherent nature of the Kangayam cattle farming viz., dual purposes breed, zero / low input farming system and having high adaptability of Kangayam cattle by way of “survive, produce and reproduce” in the tropical climate. Respondents’ perceived cost of Kangayam cattle was relatively high when compared to crossbred cattle, comparatively low milk production capacity of the Kangayamcattle and the absence of special pricing policy for A2 milk produced by Kangayam cattle in dairy cooperatives as the top three weaknesses. Sale of A2 milk at premium price, value addition of milk and milk products like buttermilk, butter, ghee etc., and marketing them at premium price and conversion and marketing of farm waste into byproducts were considered as the three most important opportunities in Kangayam cattle farming. Scientific institutions orientation towards promoting high yielding crossbred and lack of organized breeding in indigenous breeds were the important challenges opined. The study also suggested suitable strategies based on the SWOC analysis for in -situ conservation of Kangayam cattle.
Citrus tristeza virus causing decline in Assam lemon (Citrus lemon) in Northeast India and development of strategy for production of virus free planting material
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricidus) transmitted, longest known plant virus belonging to the genus Closterovirus (Family: Closteroviridae) causes decline of different citrus species worldwide. It has a significant threat on citriculture of Northeast (NE) India. Assam lemon (Citrus lemon) orchards in four districts of Assam and two districts of Meghalaya were surveyed during the month of October-November of 2022 to study the disease incidence and genetic diversity of CTV infecting Assam lemon orchards. The tender twig samples from apparently infected of healthy Assam lemon tree were collected, brought to laboratory and analyzed. Based on Direct antigen coated-enzyme link immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) it was found that 76.3% of the Assam lemon plants tested was infected by CTV. Fourteen CTV isolates infecting Assam lemon plants were characterized based on analysis of complete coat protein (CP) gene (672 nt) of the virus. The gene was amplified, cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Pairwise sequence analysis showed that the present isolates shared 88-100% nt identity among them and also other Indian and international CTV isolates compared. In phylogenetic tree, the present CTV isolates segregated into three genotypes; eight isolates fell in Indian CTV genotype TK1/K5, four isolates in Indian decline inducing CTV genotype Kpg3, and two isolates in Israel severe CTV genotype VT. Intra-farm genetic diversity among CTV isolates were observed in Assam lemon orchards. Recombination events in CP gene of the present CTV isolates were identified. Of several Assam lemon plants, four plants were identified as CTV free and maintained on healthy rough lemon root stock through grafting. Implementing clean plant certification program is the most important strategy for management of CTV by using virus free Assam lemon scion bank.