AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering.
WOS Indexed (2026)
30 Jun 2026 (Vol - 57 , Issue- 07 )
31 Jul 2026 (Vol - 57 , Issue 07 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
In- vitro efficacy of essential oils, Lemongrass and Khus oil against E.coli and Klebsiella spp. isolated from Buffaloes Suffering from Subclinical Mastitis and its use as a post milking teat spray.
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) and Khus (Vetiver) oil, an essential oils play an important role in antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Present study was designed for the in-vitro efficacy of essential oils, Lemongrass and Khus oil, against common mastitis causing organisms namely Klebsiella spp. and E.coli. Total 220 animals were screened using California mastitis test and white side test in the study area. Out of 200 animals total 124 animal were found positive for sub clinical mastitis. Of these samples, around 30 samples were subjected to further bacterial isolation, wherein, E.coli and Klebsiella spp. were isolated. The best combination of oils was further tested as a spray in lactating buffaloes suffering from SCM. 100% of E.coli isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone, Enrofloxacin, Ceftriaxone and Sulbactam combination followed by Streptomycin and Gentamicin (90%), Vancomycin and Tetracycline (60%), Oxytetracycline (40%) and Penicillin (20%). The order of sensitivity observed against Klebsiella spp. was Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin (100%), Streptomycin, Ceftriaxone & Sulbactam (90%), Ceftriaxone (70%), Oxytetracycline, Amoxycillin (50%), Penicillin, Vancomycin and Tetracycline (40%). Enrofloxacin had the maximum activity against S. aureus and Klebsiella spp., whereas, ceftriaxone has maximum efficacy against E.coli. Overall, maximum zone of inhibition was achieved by 75% Lemongrass Oil + 25% Khus Oil combination across the two bacterial isolates categories. Further, the efficacy of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and Vetiveria zizanoides as a teat spray (75% lemongrass oil + 25% khus oil) combination in prevention of mastitis was studied. This was tested in healthy buffaloes as well as SCM affected buffaloes. The animals were divided in 4 groups for the study of the efficacy of essential oil combination as a teat spray with 10 animals in each group. Post 15 days of therapy, Group 1 (healthy buffaloes) had minor changes in evaluated parameters. Group 2 (healthy buffaloes) showed improved results where the healthy buffaloes were sprayed with essential oil spray. Group 3 (SCM buffaloes) where no treatment was given, an increase in SCC was observed. The final group 4 animals (SCM buffaloes+ spray) showed 70% recovery with a decline in CMT scores, WST scores as well as SCC scores.
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES AGAINST ADULT Spodoptera frugiperda (FALL ARMYWORM) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
This study evaluates the toxicity of selected insecticides on adult Spodoptera frugiperda and their effects on oviposition and egg hatchability. The findings contribute to improved pest management strategies targeting adult FAW. A laboratory bioassay was conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during 2022–2023. Adult FAW were exposed to insecticide-treated surfaces for 30 seconds, and mortality was recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Oviposition and egg hatchability were assessed in females paired with treated males. No significant adult mortality was observed within 72 hours post-treatment. However, insecticides significantly reduced oviposition and hatchability. Chlorantraniliprole 9.3% + lambda-cyhalothrin 4.6% ZC caused the highest reduction in egg production (165.60 eggs/female) and hatchability (53.65%). Novaluron 5.25% + emamectin benzoate 0.9% w/w was the second most effective, reducing egg production (176.87 eggs/female) and hatchability (61.90%). The study demonstrates that insecticide-treated male S. frugiperda can influence female reproductive success by reducing oviposition and egg hatchability. This suggests that targeting adult moths with specific insecticides can be an effective strategy for suppressing FAW populations. Incorporating such approaches into integrated pest management programs could enhance control measures and minimize crop damage.
Potassium Fractions and Their Dynamics for increasing yield in a Sustainable Fruit-Based Cropping System in Arid region.
This study investigates the impact of Aonla-based intercropping systems on potassium fractions, microbial populations, crop yields, and water holding capacity in arid and semi-arid regions, with the goal of enhancing soil fertility and sustainability in fruit-based cropping systems. The research examines various forms of potassium-water-soluble, exchangeable, non-exchangeable, and lattice potassium, each crucial for soil fertility and plant growth. The fruit-based cropping system evaluated include Aonla + Khejri, Aonla + Bael, Aonla + Kinnow, Aonla + Moringa, Aonla + Ber, Aonla + Mulberry, and a sole Aonla as control. The results showed significant differences in potassium fractions across the systems. The Aonla + Khejri system exhibited the highest water-soluble potassium (29.18 mg kg⁻¹) and exchangeable potassium (29.98 mg kg⁻¹), indicating enhanced potassium availability for plant uptake. Aonla + Kinnow recorded the highest total potassium content (4526.12 kg/ha), contributing to increased potassium reserves. Non-exchangeable potassium ranged from 728.94 mg kg⁻¹ in Aonla + Mulberry to 1375.03 mg kg⁻¹ in Aonla + Khejri, highlighting the long-term potential of intercropping in mobilizing potassium from the soil’s mineral pool. The Aonla + Khejri system showed the highest yield, attributed to improved nutrient availability and enhanced water retention. The water holding capacity was notably higher in intercropping systems, with Aonla + Khejri showing the most improvement, indicating better moisture retention and reduced water stress. Additionally, microbial populations, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, were higher in intercropping systems, particularly Aonla + Khejri, which recorded the highest bacterial (284.13 cfu×10⁸/g), fungal (217.00 cfu×10⁸/g), and actinomycetes (114.00 cfu ×10⁸/g) counts. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that intercropping, especially Aonla + Khejri, improves potassium dynamics, soil fertility, microbial populations, crop yields, and water holding capacity, promoting sustainable agricultural practices in arid and semi-arid regions.
XylR Unraveled: Phylogenetic Conservation and Divergence of a Key Metabolic Regulator in Xanthomonas Pathogens
The transcriptional regulator XylR plays a pivotal role in coordinating carbohydrate metabolism and virulence in Xanthomonas species, a group of economically important plant pathogens. This study presents a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of XylR across 50 Xanthomonas strains using neighbor-joining methods with 1000 bootstrap replicates. Our analysis revealed six well-supported clades (bootstrap ≥70%) that correlate strongly with host specificity and pathogenic lifestyle. Notably, rice pathogens X. oryzae pv. oryzae and oryzicola formed an exceptionally conserved cluster (99% bootstrap), while broad-host X. campestris strains showed moderate divergence. Intriguingly, X. arboricola pathovars exhibited polyphyletic distribution, suggesting either multiple horizontal gene transfer events or host-specific evolutionary pressures. The phylogenetic position of Pseudomonas amygdali as an outgroup (100% bootstrap) confirmed the genus-specific specialization of XylR. These evolutionary patterns suggest XylR maintains core metabolic functions while acquiring host-specific regulatory capabilities. Our findings provide new insights into Xanthomonas evolution and identify conserved regions of XylR as potential targets for developing broad-spectrum anti-virulence strategies. This work establishes a foundation for future functional studies of XylR alleles and their contributions to pathogenicity in different host systems.
Evaluation on management module against leaf hopper complex in Mango crop
Mango (Mangifera indica L) is an important crop grown in different parts of India. Mango hopper is a major pest of mango causing seviere yield losses. As the losses due ot mango hopper could be as high as 65 per cent in the absence of control measures, many insecticides have been recommended world-wide to control the pest. On farm trials were conducted by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Namakkal to assess the management modules against leaf hopper in mango crop in terms of incidence of shredding of flower buds and flowers damage percentage, destroying the inflorescences and causing fruit drops, curling and drying of infested tissue, development of shooty mold and fruit yield per hectare during Kharif 2020 in Namakkal district. The treatment comprises T1-Spraying of Oil based Metarhizium anisophilae @ 1ml/ litre of water at 3 times per weekly interval + Setting of yellow sticky trap @ 25 nos./ha (IIHR, 2017); T2- Neem oil @ 5ml/litre or Nimbicidine 1500 ppm @ 4ml / litre at 2 times per weekly interval + setting of Yellow sticky Trap @ 25 numbers/ha recommended by (Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, 2016); T3 – (Farmers practice) spraying of Lamdacyclothrin @ 2ml/ litre; Imidachloprid @ 0.5 ml/ litre with wettable sulphur @1 ml /litre and Proponophos @ 1ml /litre + yield win tonic combination of insecticides 3 times per weekly interval packages. The study revealed that mango crop sprayed with oil based Metarhizium anisophilae @ 1ml/ litre of water at three times weekly interval + setting of yellow sticky trap @25 nos./ ha effectively controlled @ 3.4 number of leaf hopper /panicles in a single branch of trees at 15 days after spray; reduced number of young fruit dropped per tree @ 8.6 number; number of number of moths trapped in a single yellow sticky trap is 5.8 numbers; total fruit harvested /tree is 1402 with higher fruit yield of 106 quintal/ hectare as compared to other practices. Whereas the farmers practice of spraying Lamdacyclothrin @ 2ml/ litre; Imidachloprid @ 0.5 ml/ litre with wettable sulphur @1 ml /litre and Proponophos @ 1ml /litre + yield win tonic combination of insecticides at 3 times at weekly interval recorded 5.2 number of leaf hopper /panicles in a single branch of trees at 15 days after spray; number of young fruit dropped per tree @ 11.4 number; total fruit harvested /tree is 1146 with higher fruit yield of 95.2 quintal/ hectare in kharif season.