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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering.
WOS Indexed (2024)
05 Sep 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 09 )
30 Sep 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 09 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Organic amendments and nitrogen levels effects on soil health and productivity of rice-wheat cropping system in North western India
Soil fertility is at risk in intensive cropping systems when using an exclusive regime of inorganic fertilisers without returning sufficient organic matter to the soil. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of organic amendments interacting with different rates of inorganic nitrogen fertiliser on crop yields of rice and wheat. Yield data from rice and wheat were collected for two seasons between 2018 and 2020 from a continuous field trial based at PAU, Ludhiana and Research station, Dyal Bharang, Amritsar in split plot design. Main plot consisted of four treatments (green manuring, farmyard manure, poultry manure and control) and four subplot treatments (Control, 50 kg N ha-1,75 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1) replicated four times in rice crop and its residual effect was studied in wheat. Results revealed that rice-wheat productivity, plant growth, yield attributes and soil nutrients availability increased significantly (p<0.05) with the application of organic amendments at different nitrogen levels. Application of poultry manure in rice helped to increase grain yield over the other amendments and recorded 67.3 % and 61.4 % higher grain yield than control in both the years. The residual effect of poultry manure was also evident in subsequent wheat crop. It could be concluded that application of poultry manure along with 100 kg N ha-1 or 75 kg N ha-1 recorded similar yield, it implies that even lower dose could be sufficient for rice crop as well as following wheat crop to obtain higher yield.
Studies on response to day length extension on growth and flowering in spray chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat).
This research were conducted to study the effect of different photoperiod in chrysanthemum cv. Autumn white and Diana orange for the period of 1st October 2021 to 20th March 2023 in climate controlled greenhouse at Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT), IARI, New Delhi. Two spray Chrysanthemum varieties such as Autumn white and Diana Orange was exposed to 3 various day length extension treatments under semi climate controlled green house with use of Incandescent lamps for 10, 15 and 20 days duration and each 4 replications. Various observation in respect to growth and flowering were recorded at different intervals (0,15, 30,45 and 60 days). Vegetative growth parameters like plant height (95.79 cm), stem diameter (6.56 mm), inter nodal length (4.41cm), total number of leaves (39), leaf area (262.52 cm2), leaf area index(3.22), leaf fresh (24.91g) and dry weight(2.61 g), stem fresh (21.88g) and dry weight (3.23g) were measured and maximum under 20 days extended day length at 60 days after planting. Flowering parameters like bud diameter (16.78 mm), flower diameter (87.68 mm), time taken for flower bud induction(89.3days), time taken for flower opening (100.7 days), flower fresh(13.57g) and dry weight (1.59g) were taken at different blooming time intervals and highest were found in Autumn white at 60 days after planting for 20 days. Among two different varieties Autumn white showed significant difference than Diana orange.
OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE, CAUSING BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF RICE IN TAMIL NADU
In the present investigation, an extensive survey was conducted to assess the severity and occurrence of bacterial blight disease from diverse rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu during the Rabi and Kharif seasons of 2021-2022. The result showed that the Coimbatore district recorded the highest disease severity with a 70.26 Percent Disease Index (PDI) and the lowest severity in the Theni district (28.43%.). The morphological studies revealed that 25/40 Xoo isolates possess a short rod, with rounded ends, single or in pairs, yellow, circular, convex, slightly raised, motile with a single polar flagellum, capsulate and non-spore-forming. Biochemical tests viz., Gram staining, KOH test, Catalyst test, Citrate utilization, and Tween 80 hydrolysis showed a positive result for all the 25 Xoo isolates. To determine the pathogenic ability and virulence of Xoo isolates, a pathogenicity test was conducted under glasshouse conditions in BB susceptible variety TN1. The result indicated that all the 25 Xoo isolates exhibited susceptible reactions in TN1 with the average lesion length varying from 10.75 to 22.11 cm. Among that, the isolate Xoo12 (Coimbatore) exhibited high susceptibility with a lesion length of 22.11 ± 0.17 cm after the 14th day of inoculation and we considered this isolate Xoo12 as a virulent (TXO01 Strain). Meanwhile, the taxonomic identity of 25 isolates was confirmed as Xoo by using a PCR-based assay with the expected amplicon of 331bp and 162bp in Xoo specific primer.
Enteric pathogens in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) of Tamil Nadu state
The objective of the study was to isolate and identify enteric pathogens, specifically Salmonella and Escherichia coli, in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Tamil Nadu state. Water and dung samples were collected from six different locations in Tamil Nadu. Standard culture methods and PCR techniques were used to isolate and identify Salmonella and E. coli in both water and dung samples. Out of the six enteric samples, 100% (n=6) tested positive for Salmonella and E. coli. Among the dung samples (n=6) and water samples (n=6) examined for enteric cases, 83.33% (n=5) of water samples and 83.33% (n=5) of dung samples tested positive for E. coli, while 16.67% (n=1) of water samples and 16.67% (n=1) of dung samples tested positive for Salmonella. Additionally, 16.67% (n=1) of water samples and 16.67% (n=1) of dung samples tested positive for a combination of E. coli and Salmonella. The presence of red-colored colonies on Brilliant Green Agar and colorless colonies with black spots at the center indicated the growth of Salmonella. On MacConkey Agar, lactose-fermenting pink-colored colonies with a foul smell and colonies with blackish centers and a metallic sheen on Eosin-Methylene blue agar indicated the growth of E. coli. Molecular identification of Salmonella and E. coli was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), resulting in amplicon sizes of 260 and 476 base pairs (bp) for Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of providing high-quality water to captive elephants to minimize the risk of contamination with microorganisms such as E. coli and Salmonella.
Exploring the diversity of novel banana hybrids through dendrogram clustering and multivariate matrix
Banana is commercially important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Its cultivation is being threatened by various pest and diseases. Therefore, breeders are engaged in developing hybrids having resistance with high yield. As such 27 synthetic hybrids were developed utilizing wild cultivars as one of the parents and were examined to assess the effectiveness of the characters influencing crop yield and morphological diversity. High level of GCV and PCV were recorded for peel weight, bunch weight, pulp weight and finger weight indicating adequate genetic variability. These traits possess ample potential for further improvement. From the results, greatest morphological characters were recorded for H-02-25 and H-02-34 while highest bunch weight for H-916 (25.86 kg). Significant positive correlation was observed for the studied traits except for the number of suckers. Dendrogram revealed four distinct clusters and distinguished as good growth habit (Cluster I), high bunch and fruit weight in addition to good growth (Cluster II), inadequate growth and low bunch weight (Cluster III) and moderate bunch and fruit weight (Cluster IV). Significant diversity was observed among different ploidy group which was visually represented through box plot technique and revealed higher variability in diploids and tetraploids than triploids in terms of pseudostem height and girth but for bunch traits the variability was higher in diploids as compared to triploids and tetraploids. Hence, this study revealed a diverse population among the synthetic hybrids which could potentially lead to the identification of elite line and provides an ample scope for future advancements in crop improvement programme.