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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
25 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Tillage systems, Soil Environment and Properties: Global Meta-analysis
Soil alteration techniques popularly known as “Tillage” responsible for clean growing medium, eliminate unwanted plants, and reduce leaching and percolation losses to increase crop yields– long-term effects on soil characteristics, structure, and ultimately the ecosystem have been seen. Greenhouse gases are a problem because of agriculture. Zero tillage (ZT) is defined as a climate change-friendly practice through the processes of mitigation and response. However, ZT efficiency is still uncertain at first because of the increased weed growth. Numerous researchers have documented ZT's varying impacts on soil health, property values, and ecosystems. However, its widespread uptake remains questionable because farmers are reluctant to abandon the established local varieties. The soil properties and agricultural yield were affected differently by conventional (CT), minimum (MT), and zero (ZT) tillage. Because of the importance of preserving the soil's physical properties for plant development, the selection of a tillage system is paramount. Soil texture, climate, site features, adoption time, rainfall fluctuations throughout the year, and the soil's natural fertility all play a role in how various tillage methods affect soil properties. To this day, farmers and experts alike lack clear information about how various tillage methods affect soil quality, crop yields, and environmental impact. Furthermore, their long-term impacts have received little attention up to this point. Taking all of this into account, this review was written with the goal of developing the ideal tillage system, which would contribute to environmentally responsible and climate-aware farming practices. Finally, we determined that, across a variety of agroclimatic conditions, minimum tillage performed better than conventional and zero tillage methods in enhancing the different soil properties in a climate-smart and sustainable way.
The role of Steinernema scaptersici, nematodes on the oxidative stress parameters of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae).
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) especially, Steinernema scaptersici are considered as an eco-friendly and natural lethal insect parasite. The virulence of nematode efficacy depends on the searching capability of infective juveniles (IJs) for willing infected hosts using a multiple array of host-emitted odors and CO2.The novel study on insect oxidative stress parameters as an indicator of nematode toxicity towards Locusta migratoria 5th stage nymphs were evaluated in the present investigation. The effects of different doses (0 - 50 IJs/µL) of nematodes and post injection times (12, 24 h), on different tissues (brain, thoracic muscles, and gut) of 5th nymphal stage L. migratoria were examined. The obtained results revealed a significant fluctuation in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total antioxidant ability (TAA), and reducing power ability (RPA). Also, a comparable significant fluctuation pattern of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities was detected. Besides that, positive correlation was detected among different nematodes concentrations (0-50 IJS/µL) and H2O2, TAA, CAT, or SOD at 24 h post injection (PI) in brain and thoracic muscle tissues of treated insects. Significant elevations in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration and antioxidant activities in all the treated tissues of L. migratoria 5th nymphs with different nematode concentrations (0-50 IJs/µL) were also detected. Besides that, the levels of H2O2 showed a significant increase in the gut than the brain and thoracic muscles tissues. However, the TAA concentration level was lower at 24 h than 12 h post injection. So, these results emphasized the hypothesis of after nematode infection, the activation of certain host protective mechanisms can occur including antioxidant and detoxification pathways. Therefore, the oxidative stress parameter changes of grasshopper tissues toward time-concentration dependent model of nematode infection may help in a further investigation of the nematode toxicity in field application.
Structural Optimization of Chisel Plough
Performing structural optimization of tillage implements in Pakistan's agriculture sector can enhance the productivity and efficiency of land preparation, eventually leading to improved crop yields, reduced input costs, and increased profitability for farmers. In this study, structural optimization of a chisel plow is proposed. The study aims to optimize the structure of a chisel plow from the viewpoints of weight reduction, optimum equivalent stresses, and acceptable factor of safety using finite element analysis. Experimental draft of the chisel plow was determined to be 32 kN in virgin soil conditions. The finite elements analysis showed that the maximum equivalent stresses on the initial design of the chisel plow was 138 MPa with a total weight of 285 kg. Post optimization, the maximum equivalent stresses on the tillage tool increased up to 152 MPa (indicating a 14% increase) with total weight of 255 (indicating a 10.5% reduction) compared to the initial design. Thus, the study concludes that structural optimization of chisel plow can play a significant role in its weight reduction without compromising on failure or breakage.
Identification the different pulse crops grown and inputs used for their cultivation in temperate area of Jammu region
Pulse crops have been an important component of agriculture since ancient times. The world’s major pulses producing countries, which together account for half of the global production are India¸ Canada, China, Myanmar and Brazil. India is the largest producer of pulses, accounting for 25 per cent of global pulses production. In Jammu region and Kashmir region it was reported as 12,955 ha and 5938 ha respectively. The study found that majority (98%) of the respondents cultivated Rajma crop followed by Black gram (79%), Green gram (76%), Horse gram (21%), French bean (19%) and Red lentil (15%) in study area. The average productivity of rajma was 2.64 q/ha while that of black gram was 2.47 q/ha. The productivity of green gram, red lentil, horse gram and French bean was 2.02 q/ha, 1.37 q/ha, 3.34 q/ha and 2.71 q/ha respectively. The results shows that all the respondents used FYM for cultivation but the dosage of application varies between different areas and under different pulse crops and all the respondents used manual method for weed management. The study found that most of the farmers were using organic way of production and they also want that this should be promoted, this is encouraging outcome of the study that farmers preferred organic way of cultivation than conventional way of farming.
Effect of plant growth regulators on shelf life of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) under high density plantation in Jammu subtropics
Effect of plant growth regulators on shelf life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) under high density plantation was carried out at Research Farm, SKUAST- Jammu, Chatha during 2021-2022. There were 9 treatments comprising of foliar application of NAA @ 100 and 150 ppm, GA3 @ 75 and 150 ppm, applied individually, NAA 100 ppm in combination with GA3 75 ppm, NAA 100 ppm in combination with GA3 150 ppm, NAA 150 ppm in combination with GA3 75 ppm, NAA 150 ppm in combination with GA3 150 ppm and control (spray). During investigation it was observed that all physical and biochemical parameters of guava showed a decreasing trend with advancement in storage intervals. Application of NAA 150 ppm in combination with GA3 150 ppm recorded minimum mean physiological loss in weight of guava fruit (4.69 %), Highest mean rotting percentage of guava fruits (8.89 %) , Maximum mean fruit length (6.85 cm), Maximum mean fruit breadth (6.85 cm),Maximum mean fruit weight (140.28 g), Maximum mean fruit volume (134.29 cc), Maximum mean fruit firmness (6.75 kg/cm2),Highest mean TSS of guava fruits (10.66° Brix), Maximum mean ascorbic acid (173.39 mg/100g fresh wt.), Lowest mean titratable acidity (0.31 %), highest mean organoleptic rating of 6.87. Overall, it was concluded that NAA 150 ppm plus GA3 150 ppm resulted in longer shelf life when stored under optimum conditions.