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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
25 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE PV. ORYZAE, CAUSING BACTERIAL BLIGHT OF RICE IN TAMIL NADU
In the present investigation, an extensive survey was conducted to assess the severity and occurrence of bacterial blight disease from diverse rice ecosystems of Tamil Nadu during the Rabi and Kharif seasons of 2021-2022. The result showed that the Coimbatore district recorded the highest disease severity with a 70.26 Percent Disease Index (PDI) and the lowest severity in the Theni district (28.43%.). The morphological studies revealed that 25/40 Xoo isolates possess a short rod, with rounded ends, single or in pairs, yellow, circular, convex, slightly raised, motile with a single polar flagellum, capsulate and non-spore-forming. Biochemical tests viz., Gram staining, KOH test, Catalyst test, Citrate utilization, and Tween 80 hydrolysis showed a positive result for all the 25 Xoo isolates. To determine the pathogenic ability and virulence of Xoo isolates, a pathogenicity test was conducted under glasshouse conditions in BB susceptible variety TN1. The result indicated that all the 25 Xoo isolates exhibited susceptible reactions in TN1 with the average lesion length varying from 10.75 to 22.11 cm. Among that, the isolate Xoo12 (Coimbatore) exhibited high susceptibility with a lesion length of 22.11 ± 0.17 cm after the 14th day of inoculation and we considered this isolate Xoo12 as a virulent (TXO01 Strain). Meanwhile, the taxonomic identity of 25 isolates was confirmed as Xoo by using a PCR-based assay with the expected amplicon of 331bp and 162bp in Xoo specific primer.
Enteric pathogens in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) of Tamil Nadu state
The objective of the study was to isolate and identify enteric pathogens, specifically Salmonella and Escherichia coli, in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Tamil Nadu state. Water and dung samples were collected from six different locations in Tamil Nadu. Standard culture methods and PCR techniques were used to isolate and identify Salmonella and E. coli in both water and dung samples. Out of the six enteric samples, 100% (n=6) tested positive for Salmonella and E. coli. Among the dung samples (n=6) and water samples (n=6) examined for enteric cases, 83.33% (n=5) of water samples and 83.33% (n=5) of dung samples tested positive for E. coli, while 16.67% (n=1) of water samples and 16.67% (n=1) of dung samples tested positive for Salmonella. Additionally, 16.67% (n=1) of water samples and 16.67% (n=1) of dung samples tested positive for a combination of E. coli and Salmonella. The presence of red-colored colonies on Brilliant Green Agar and colorless colonies with black spots at the center indicated the growth of Salmonella. On MacConkey Agar, lactose-fermenting pink-colored colonies with a foul smell and colonies with blackish centers and a metallic sheen on Eosin-Methylene blue agar indicated the growth of E. coli. Molecular identification of Salmonella and E. coli was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), resulting in amplicon sizes of 260 and 476 base pairs (bp) for Salmonella and E. coli, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of providing high-quality water to captive elephants to minimize the risk of contamination with microorganisms such as E. coli and Salmonella.
Exploring the diversity of novel banana hybrids through dendrogram clustering and multivariate matrix
Banana is commercially important fruit crops cultivated worldwide. Its cultivation is being threatened by various pest and diseases. Therefore, breeders are engaged in developing hybrids having resistance with high yield. As such 27 synthetic hybrids were developed utilizing wild cultivars as one of the parents and were examined to assess the effectiveness of the characters influencing crop yield and morphological diversity. High level of GCV and PCV were recorded for peel weight, bunch weight, pulp weight and finger weight indicating adequate genetic variability. These traits possess ample potential for further improvement. From the results, greatest morphological characters were recorded for H-02-25 and H-02-34 while highest bunch weight for H-916 (25.86 kg). Significant positive correlation was observed for the studied traits except for the number of suckers. Dendrogram revealed four distinct clusters and distinguished as good growth habit (Cluster I), high bunch and fruit weight in addition to good growth (Cluster II), inadequate growth and low bunch weight (Cluster III) and moderate bunch and fruit weight (Cluster IV). Significant diversity was observed among different ploidy group which was visually represented through box plot technique and revealed higher variability in diploids and tetraploids than triploids in terms of pseudostem height and girth but for bunch traits the variability was higher in diploids as compared to triploids and tetraploids. Hence, this study revealed a diverse population among the synthetic hybrids which could potentially lead to the identification of elite line and provides an ample scope for future advancements in crop improvement programme.
Trends and Prospects of Female Labor Force Participation Rate in Agricultural Sector of Assam with some selected variables
Agriculture plays an important role for the people residing in most of the states in India for their livelihood. Despite high economic growth, decline in fertility, and rise in schooling of girls, the Female Labor Force Participation Rate (FLFPR) in India has declined in rural areas and stagnated in urban areas since the late 1980s. Labor force includes those people who are currently employed and those who are unemployed but seeking work. In India, the female labor force is mostly employed in agricultural sector. Although the participation of self-employed female labor force is on the rise especially in the rural areas, studies also show that Women’s engagement in unpaid work is high in rural areas and while a majority of women are employed in regular wage work in urban areas, there are substantial wage differentials between men and women, most of the regular work of women is in the informal sector, and non-wage benefits are poor. Agriculture sector is the major economic sector in Assam employing close to 75% of total work force, directly or indirectly. In this present study, an attempt has been made to observe the participation of female labor force in the agricultural sector of Assam. It has been seen that amongst all the age groups of labor force participation, a change has been observed for women in the age group 25 to 29. Multiple linear regression analysis has been carried out for the collected data. Future data of female labor participation also have been predicted with some selected variables.
Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Guava Orchards in Haryana, India
Guava orchards in Haryana were facing symptoms of sudden decline and loss in productivity due to heavy infestation of highly pathogenic species of Meloidogyne not only by itself but also causing havoc through predisposing the host for secondary attack by wilt fungus Fusarium spp causing disease-complex with synergistic effects on the common host guava. Severely infested plant showed small leaves, slightly browning in colour, leaf drop, growth inhibition whereas roots are distorted by small and large multiple galls leading to sudden death of tree. Fungus and nematode-induced soil-borne diseases are among the main constraints in agricultural production and are quite challenging to be managed. Due to data unavailability of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with guava orchards, a detailed survey was conducted in the main guava-growing regions of Haryana during 2019-21 (2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22) to assess the occurrence, distribution and diversity of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) associated with guava orchards. In this respect, a total of 95 roots and rhizosphere soil samples of guava orchards of different districts (eight) in Haryana were analysed for the infestation of PPNs. Out of 95 samples, 60 samples were found infected with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita with 63.2 per cent frequency of occurrence with density range of 50-785 nematodes/200 cc soil. The root-knot index of infested guava orchards ranged from 1.0-5.0. Other plant-parasitic nematodes which were found associated with the guava belonged to Pratylenchus sp., Hoplolaimus sp., Helicotylenchus sp. and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Helicotylenchus had the highest mean population density (146.6 nematodes/200 cc soil), followed by Hoplolaimus (120.7 nematodes/200 cc soil). Based on incidence, population density and associated damage on guava M. incognita was considered to be the most important PPNs. Among the districts, the highest incidence of damage by M. incognita was observed in Palwal followed by Sonipat, Sirsa and Bhiwani.