AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering.
WOS Indexed (2026)
07 May 2026 (Vol - 57 , Issue- 05 )
31 May 2026 (Vol - 57 , Issue 05 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Calculation of Optimum Gear Ratios of A Two-stage Helical Gearbox with First Stage Double Gear Sets for Getting Minimum Gearbox Bottom Area
In this paper, the results of an optimization study to determine the optimal gear ratio for a two-speed helical gearbox with first-stage double gear sets are presented. The objective function of the problem is the minimum bottom area of the gearbox. To solve this problem, a simulation experiment was performed. In particular, the influence of six main design parameters including the total gear ratio of the gearbox, the wheel face width coefficients of both stages, the allowable contact stress of the first and the second stages and the output torque to the optimal gear ratio of the first stage u1 has been evaluated. In addition, a regression formula to find the optimal gear ratio u1 was given.
Study on target variable spray control system in greenhouse based on fuzzy PID control algorithm
Aiming at the conventional quantitative continuous application method of greenhouse hanging crops, the spray equipment cannot automatically adjust the spray flow according to the crop gap and density, which is easy to cause pesticide waste and environmental pollution. A greenhouse target variable spray control system based on fuzzy PID control algorithm is designed. The system uses STM32 microcontroller as the control center, and uses multi-sensor real-time monitoring of crop height, density, spray flow and other information as the control basis. The fuzzy inference of the fuzzy controller is used to adjust the PID parameters online and real-time to achieve precise adjustment of the drug return flow. The response time, overshoot and stability time of the existing variable spraying control algorithm are optimized to achieve the precise control of the target variable spraying in the greenhouse. In order to verify the superiority of fuzzy PID control algorithm in greenhouse target variable spray control system, the traditional PID and fuzzy PID control algorithms are modeled and simulated in Simulink platform. The results show that the lag time of fuzzy PID control is shortened by 0.62 s, the maximum overshoot is reduced by 15.2 %, and the stability time is shortened by 1.31 s. In the actual spraying operation of the greenhouse, the target variable sprayer based on the fuzzy PID control algorithm saves the amount of drug by 31.3 % compared with the conventional continuous spraying, and saves the amount of drug by 1.9 % compared with the traditional PID control algorithm.
Weed Dynamics exposed to HPPD-inhibitor herbicide (Tolpyralate) with non-ionic surfactant in Maize (Zea mays L.) at foothills of Himalaya
Tolpyralate, an HPPD (4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor, is a relatively new pyrazolone herbicide for weed management in maize. Field studies were conducted in two seasons of spring 2016 and kharif 2017 to evaluate the effective dose of tolpyralate 40% SC applied alone or mixed with non-ionic surfactant for weed management in maize as well as its phytotoxic and residual effect on growth and yield of maize and succeeding cowpea fodder and pea crop, at N.E.B.C.R.C. of G.B.P.U.A&T, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. Eight treatments were executed in randomized block design with three replications. The major dominant weed species during both the seasons were Digitaria sanguinalis, Phalaris minor, Echinochloa colona, Panicum maximum among grassy, Chenopodium album, Parthenium hysterophorus, Eclipta alba, Phyllanthus niruri among broad-leaved weeds (BLWs) and Cyperus iria, C. rotundus (3.7%) as sedge. Tolpyralate 40% SC as PoE with surfactant resulted in 50-100% weed control, depending on the weed species and its doses over tolpyralate 40% SC without surfactant. Tolpyralate 40% SC PoE at 60 g/ha achieved the highest grain yield of maize and was statistically at par with its lower dose 50 g/ha and tembotrione 34.4% SC 120 g/ha (standard check), during both the seasons. The tolpyralate 50 g/ha with non-ionic surfactant attained a higher net return (Rs. 92601 and 58203/ha) and B: C ratio (2.6 and 1.6) than without surfactant during spring 2016 and kharif 2017, respectively. Also, no phytotoxic symptoms and residual effect on succeeding crop were observed at any doses of tolpyralate 40% SC.
Analyze the influence of internal damage of maize seeds on germination based on Micro-CT image technology
The germination and growth of maize seeds are directly related to the damage inside the seeds. This paper discussed the relationship between the internal damage of the maize seed after compression and the seed germination rate. Using Micro-CT technology to analyze the characterization of the internal mechanical damage of the seeds. Distinguished the internal tissues and crack damage according to the difference of grayscale value. By counting the number of pixels in different grayscale value intervals, the proportion of each tissue of the seed in the slice layer was calculated. The degree of internal damage was analyzed. After cultivating the tested seeds, the germination results were compared with internal damage to verify the relationship between the germination rate of seeds and internal damage. The results show that the average crack damage of seeds after being subjected to loads of 250 N, 300 N, 350 N, and 400 N are 2.87%, 3.07%, 4.31%, and 4.58%, respectively. At this time, the germination rates of the seeds are 95%, 90%, 25%, and 10%. According to the results, Micro-CT technology can be used to analyze the internal damage of maize, revealing the influence of the internal damage of maize seeds on germination.
Energy Use, Efficiency, and Distribution in Malaysian Oil Palm Cultivation
Effective energy management is critical for oil palm cultivation in long- term productivity and profitability. It is imperative to perform investigations into where, when, why and how the energy is being used in the oil palm cultivation activity. This study presents energy use analyses in oil palm nursery and field cultivation in Malaysia. The data of energy inputs use in the oil palm cultivation were retrieved using a combination of actual field measurements and secondary source documents from relevant reputable publications. Annual total energy inputs for a complete oil palm field cultivation was estimated to be 1118.34 MJ/palm/year. Oil palm field cultivation takes the largest share with 99.27% (1110.18 MJ/palm) of the total energy input while oil palm nursery cultivation was 0.73% (8.16 MJ/seed). Machinery utilization is the primary source of energy input in oil palm nursery and field cultivation, accounting for 90.29 % and 96.08% of the total energy inputs, respectively. The energy efficiency of the oil palm cultivation is 4.38, which is considered as an energy-efficient crop cultivation since the output-input ratio is larger than one.