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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
18 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
MAPPING THE USE OF SUBSIDIED FERTILIZER ON RICE FARMING ACTIVITIES
For a long time, farmers believe that the use of fertilizers will greatly affect the increase in productivity of their rice farming. So that fertilizer is seen as the main production factor in increasing rice production. In fact, the share of fertilizer expenditure to farm costs are only around 9-13%, the largest share of costs is precisely in labor costs of around 60% of total farming costs. However, the main problem is the low ability of the majority of farmers to buy fertilizer in cash, so they have to pay above HET (Highest Retail Price), through a payment mechanism after harvest (yarnen). Based on this information, the purpose of this study is to analyze the mapping of the use of subsidized fertilizers in rice farming activities. Based on the results of the study that the factors that affect farm productivity (production per harvested area) partially (individually) are various independent factors included in the regression model, namely: use of seeds, use of urea fertilizer, use of TSP/SP-36 fertilizer, use of pesticides and the use of hired labor was only the variable of the use of urea fertilizer and TSP/SP-36 fertilizer which had a significant effect on the resulting productivity. For this reason, recommendations that can be given from the results of this study, namely socialization for farmers in giving fertilizer doses so that they are in accordance with recommendations from the local government/service are important to continue to pay attention to in supporting the increase in national rice production.
Evaluation of wheat varieties and their validation through CERES-Wheat model under lower foothills of Shivalik range of N-W Himalayas
Field experiments were conducted at Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, J&K UT, India during rabi (winter) season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 with 3 wheat varieties (HD 2967, RSP 561 and WH 1105), 3 sowing environments/dates (25th October-early, 14th November-normal and 4th December-late) and 3 N-levels (100, 125 and 150 kg ha-1) replicated thrice in split split plot design under sub-tropical irrigated conditions of lower foot hills of Shivalik ranges of N-W Himalayas. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the performance of different wheat varieties and their calibration and validation through CERES-Wheat model. The genetic coefficients for three wheat varieties were calibrated and validated with the experimental data. Variety WH 1105 registered higher grain and biological yield followed by HD 2967 and RSP 561. Evaluation with the experimental data showed that performance of CERES-Wheat model was reasonable as indicated by fairly accurate simulations of crop phenology, grain yield, biological yield and various yield attributing parametres against measured data. The values of various model performance indicators like R2, RMSE, nRMSE, MPD, MAE, d-stat, EF and r were in good and excellent ranges.
Response of Wheat to different sources of Coated Urea and N budgeting under assured irrigated conditions of Jammu region of J&K
A field experiment was conducted to study the response of different coated ureato wheat crop during the winter (rabi) season of 2017-18 at Agronomy research farm, SKUAST Jammu Chatha. Eleven treatments comprised of three types of coated ureas viz. Neem coated urea, Zinc coated urea and Neem + Zinc coated urea at various doses, replicated thrice laid out in a randomised block design. The use of different source and doses of coated N fertilizer had significant effect on the yield of wheat crop. The data revealed that treatment T8 (100% of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K & Zn) showed significantly higher grain and straw yield. However, treatment T8 remained statistically at par with the treatments T7 wherein 15% N was reduced and rest 85% was applied through ZnCU and showed 3.7% higher yield and T2 wherein existing recommended dose of wheat is ok numerically Whereas, Agronomic use efficiency and Recovery Use Efficiency were found to be maximum in treatment T7 (85 % of Rec. N through ZnCU + Rec. P, K & Zn). Agronomic and Recovery Use Efficiency of treatment T7 was 33.6% and 32% higher over treatment (T2) wherein existing recommended dose of wheat is ok numerically i.e. 100% of Rec. N through urea + Rec. P, K & Zn was applied Nutrient (NK and Zn) uptake was also significantly higher in treatment T8 over the other treatments in comparison besides P uptake was higher wherein NCU had applied as a N source.
Biological management of postharvest diseases of mango
The present research was conducted on the aspect of disease control, physio-chemical changes and shelf life of mango through various postharvest treatments. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri. The experiments were laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The study was aimed at finding out the best postharvest treatments that obtained the greater performance on disease control and quality changes as well as extending the shelf life. Freshly harvested matured mango fruits were subjected to eight postharvest treatments. T1: Trichoderma viride, T2: Trichoderma harzianum, T3: Bacillus subtilis, T4: Pseudomonas fluorescence, T5: Yeast strain-І, T6: yeast strain-IІ, T7: hot water treatment at 550C for 15 Min (HWT), T8: control. Results revealed that significant variation was recorded in respect of postharvest treatments on control disease development during storage conditions. The minimum disease severity was observed in hot water treatment (HWT) at 55oC for 15 min treated fruits followed by Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence and maximum disease severity was recorded in control fruits at the 7th and 14th days of storage conditions. Effect of postharvest treatments on physiological loss in fruits weight, hot water treatment (HWT) at 55oC for 15 Min and Trichoderma viride recorded minimum loss in fruit weight on 14th day of storage which was significantly less than remaining treatments and control. Among the various postharvest treatments fruits were dip in hot water treatment (HWT) was recorded significantly lower loss (8.5 %) and 14.83 % followed by Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum and control showed significantly higher loss in weight 12.50 and 31.00% respectively at 7th and 14th days of storage. In case of bio chemical parameters like TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid and total sugars. The highest (25.47 %) and the lowest T.S.S (12.00 %) contents were observed in hot water treatment and control treated mango fruits, respectively and highest acidity (0.486 %) and ascorbic acid (56.10 mg %) contents were recorded in hot water treatment. The lowest acidity (0.153 %), ascorbic acid (23.70 mg %) contents were recorded in control treated mango fruits, respectively. The highest total sugar (22.22%) contents were observed in hot water treatment. The lowest sugar (15.00%) content was observed in control treated mango fruits. Significant variation in respect of total days taken for ripening period and shelf life days. At 5th and10th day of storage the highest per cent of ripening (48 %) and (100 %), the lowest per cent of ripening (30 %) and (85.30 %) were observed in control and fruits were dip in Trichoderma viride treated fruits, respectively. At 15th day of storage 100 % ripening recorded in all treatments. The maximum shelf life (15 days) and the minimum (8 days) shelf life were observed in Trichoderma viride and control treatments, respectively.
Incidence and detection of seed mycoflora of pearl millet and their deteriorative effect on plant health
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) or Bajra is one of the important cereal crops of Africa and India, though it is used throughout the world as nutritious and gluten-free diet. Pearl millet grains/seeds are known to carry several pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi which alter physio-chemical properties of the seeds, losses of the seed weight, germination potential, and deterioration of quality. During present investigation, 150 seed samples were collected from 15 Tehsils of major pearl millet growing districts of Rajasthan. Ten samples of each Tehsil were thoroughly mixed and made one composite sample of a Tehsil and associated seed mycoflora and their incidence were quantified through blotter and agar plate methods. A total 13 saprophytic as well as parasitic mycoflora belonging to nine (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Curvularia, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus, Pyricularia, Fusarium and Helminthosporum) genera were detected through blotter and agar plate methods. Among mycoflora, maximum incidence of Fusarium sp. (2.42%), Aspergillus flavus (2.18%) and Curvularia lunata (1.96%) were recovered. Pyricularia spp. had maximum deteriorative and pathogenic impact in reducing seed germination (46%), in causing pre- (11.21%) and post emergence (8.88 %) mortality, in shortening radical (3.75 cm) and plumule length (5.25 cm) and in declining seedling vigour (414.00). In conclusion, huge loads of mycoflora adversely affect seed germination and plant health which ultimately results in poor stand of crop, yield and negative impact on consumer’s health.