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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering.
WOS Indexed (2024)
05 Sep 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 09 )
30 Sep 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 09 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Use of Design of Experiment to Optimize Tractor Hourly Fuel Consumption during Harrowing Operation
This study was conducted on the use of design of experiment to optimize tractor hourly fuel consumptions during harrowing operation. Its aims to enhance the fuel utilization efficiency by a tractor harrowing operation to reduce operational cost and increase agricultural productivity. The optimization is necessary to minimize energy usage during harrowing operation, which leads to severe wastage and economic loss. The field experiment took place at the Rivers Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (RIART) Farm in Port Harcourt, Rivers State University. The experimental land measured 160 m by 38 m (4,480 m2) and was divided into three blocks, each with nine plots. Each plot was 50 m by 2 m, with a 1 m walkway between each plot for different treatment options, and a 2 m space between each block and 1 m at the sides of the outer blocks. The design consisted of 9 treatments with three replicates, and total number of 27 treatments. The field test parameters (harrowing depth, and tractor forward speed) and hourly fuel consumptions were measured according to their specific standards. The study used MINITAB 19 software to conduct statistical analyses of the general full factorial design (GFFD), including model fit adequacy, analysis of variance (ANOVA), main and interaction effects, multiple linear regression model, and response optimizer (Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA). Also, the validity of the model was checked using standard error (SE), coefficient of determination (r2), Adjusted r2, and prediction r2. The Pareto charts of standard effect suggested that the impact of harrowing depth and tractor forward speed, and their interactions are statistically significant on the hourly fuel consumption during harrowing. The normal probability plot, showed that the fuel consumptions data during harrowing is approximately normally distributed, which satisfies the first condition of model fitness examination. Also, the histogram plot displayed an approximately normal distribution. Hence, this observation further supports the usual distribution of the tractor hourly fuel consumptions. The residual vs fitted value plots revealed that the data points for hourly fuel consumption data during harrowing are randomly distributed with no notable pattern, confirming the constant variance condition of the residuals. The residual points are also fully random, according to a plot of residual vs observation order. As the three assumptions were generally observed, thereby revealed that the multiple linear regression model generated could expresses the experimental results well for tractor hourly fuel consumptions during harrowing operation. Based on the statistical analysis, ANOVA in GFFD indicated significant difference with 95 and 99% confidence (P<0.05 and P<0.01 levels of significance) regarding the impact of harrowing depths and tractor forward speed and their interactions effect on tractor hourly fuel consumption during harrowing. Also, standard error of very negligible numbers was revealed for harrowing confirmed that the multiple linear regression could predict the experimental data correctly. The results of the coefficient of determination (r2) adjusted r2, predicted r2 are 99.88%, 99.81%, and 99.66%, respectively for hourly fuel consumption during harrowing. These suggest 99.66% of the variability in the dataset were explained by the estimated multiple linear regression model created for the tractor fuel hourly fuel consumption. Optimized tractor hourly fuel consumption during harrowing, was attained at harrowing depth 0.09 m and tractor forward speed of 5 Km/h. The study revealed the minimum tractor hourly fuel consumption corresponding to operating conditions (harrowing depth and tractor forward speed) requirement was 3.04 L/h harrowing.
Design and Analysis of Crawler Combine Harvester Gearbox
For the current combine harvester cutting width, feeding capacity and the whole machine quality are gradually increasing, resulting in gearboxes with glued teeth, brake housing rupture and brake pad burning phenomenon due to insufficient load-bearing capacity. In this paper, a crawler combine harvester gearbox is designed. Firstly, the gearbox is modeled by theoretical design calculations and using SolidWorks 3D drawing software. Then using ANSYS software, stress analysis and modal analysis are performed on the driveline to verify the feasibility of the gearbox. Finally, the gearbox is manufactured and installed on the combine harvester chassis. And designing tests to verify the transmission performance and load carrying capacity of the gearbox. The results show that when the combine harvester is fully loaded (7t) at high speed (2m/s) on a wet and soft mud field, the gearbox output half-shaft is subjected to the maximum torque with a peak torque of 2238.5N-m. And when the harvester is fully loaded and steering in the field in second gear (1.5m/s), the peak torque of the gearbox output half-shaft reaches 2760.2N-m, both of which meet the rated torque value of the gearbox. The matching power of the gearbox designed in this paper reaches 85~95kW, which can meet the continuous and stable operation of combine harvester under heavy load. This study provides a method and reference for the design and development of combine harvester gearboxes.
Effect of drought stress on antioxidants activity in response to yield and its attributes in different Brassica juncea (L) cultivars
To identify the responses of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities in response to yield the study was undertaken in different Brassica juncea cultivars such as Pusa Bold, RSPR-01, RSPR-03, Kranti and NRCDR-2 under drought stress conditions at 45, 60 and 90 days respectively, days after sowing (DAS). The study was done in the Division of Plant Physiology, Chatha, SKUAST, Jammu during Rabi 2016-17, a pot experiment was conducted with factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Parameter such as relative water content in leaves, relative stress injury, antioxidant enzymatic activity, proline content, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield were also studied. To determine the relative tolerance of genotypes, the drought susceptibility index (DSI) for seed yield and its attributes were recorded. The activities of enzymatic antioxidant such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant ascorbic acid preferentially enhanced by the drought stress. Relative water content, dry weight decreased, whereas relative stress injury, proline content increases with the increase in the drought stress given at various days after sowing. At flowering stage reduction in seed yield was observed when drought stress imposed and it also affects silique development. It was noticed that reduction in seed weight was minimum when drought stress was induced before flowering. These results indicate that protection from oxidative damage by higher levels of antioxidants may be involved in the development of drought tolerance in Brassica juncea. These biochemical parameters results can be used as practical for selection of drought tolerant brassica juncea genotypes when selecting drought tolerant cultivars for breeding in arid regions.
Seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis in Algeria and impact on the health of professionals
In Algeria, although a control plan (screening and slaughter) has been in place since 1995, the evolution of animal and human brucellosis remains variable from year to year. The present investigation is carried out with the aim of determining the prevalence as well as the insufficiencies of the applied control plan. For this purpose, 100 blood samples of cattle, distributed over 19 visits, were taken during the month of April 2020 in the slaughterhouse of Sidi-Bel-Abbès. Data related to age, identification, breed, type of slaughter, pregnancy, and the presence of metritis were also collected. In addition, 10 sets of volunteer professionals from the same establishment had their socio-epidemiological information collected. Thus, all sera were analyzed by the buffered antigen test (BAT) and the Wright test. The results obtained show, on the one hand, a 3% positivity to the EAT and compliment fixation (CF) in slaughtered cattle and 0% in professionals, and, on the other hand, an overall rate of 10% daily occurrence of brucella cattle within the slaughterhouse. In addition, 2.80% of the cattle slaughtered in the framework of sanitation are positive. While no difference in prevalence related to breed, identification status, or age is recorded, In fact, the uncontrolled movement of animals was found to be a limiting factor in the effectiveness of brucellosis control. These results encourage the application of strict prophylactic and preventive measures against brucellosis and the renovation of slaughterhouses and killings in Algeria.
India’s Trade Deficit with the GCC Countries Compensated by Remittances
India’s economic cooperation with GCC countries has been going on for many decades and growing over time. India has huge resources based on agriculture, while GCC is an economic organisation that comprises six oil-based economies (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain). And it generates a huge share of their national income from producing and exporting petroleum oil. With time India’s economic cooperation with GCC economies is growing in size and importance. Both India and the GCC countries are crucial for bilateral energy cooperation. The available information on India’s growing export trends of goods and services confirmed its growing importance in the GCC market. Migration of expatriate labours is predominantly a commodity in Indian exports of goods and services to Gulf countries. Exports of human capital to GCC countries play a crucial role in the economic growth and development of GCC economies while improving trends of Indian imports from Gulf countries also shows that significant increment in importance for GCC’s petroleum oil exports. GCC exports detailed characterised by plenty of Petroleum oil. India is a labour-exporting country, while GCC economies are the main petroleum oil exporters. As India received a substantial amount of remittances, and GCC economies received massive oil revenues. Consequently, India is facing a deficit in its balance of trade with GCC economies. This India’s trade deficit with GCC economies may be compensated by the inflows of remittances received from Gulf countries. Commodities like Basmati rice, spices, various vegetable oil, and manpower are the most important export items to GCC countries. Petroleum oil and petroleum products are the most important imported items from India to GCC economies. Important statistical tools like the growth rate of exports and imports have been used in trade analysis. This study covers ten years period that has been taken for discussing economic cooperation.