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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
18 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Common Indian earthworm species, Pheretima posthuma (Clitellata, Megascolecidae), resulted enhanced dispersal of entomopathogenic Nematodes, Steinernema abbasi and Heterorhabditis indica (Nematoda: Rhabitida)
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have excellent bio control potential for management of insect pests of economic importance. In the present study, dispersal of EPN species, Steinernema abbasi Elawad, Ahmad and Reid, 1997 and Heterorhabditis indica Poinar, Karunakar and David 1992 by common Indian earthworm species, Pheretima posthuma Vailliant, 1868, as well as safety of using both these EPN species towards P. posthuma were investigated under laboratory conditions. Vertical dispersal (upward as well as downward) of both entomopathogenic nematode species combined with earthworms was carried out in autoclaved soil filled in polyvinyl chloride pipe columns. Here after, the toxic impact of these EPN species towards earthworms applied at two different concentrations in autoclaved soil was studied. Upward as well as downward dispersal of EPNs was significantly greater in soil in the presence of earthworms relative to soil without earthworms. Also, the tested nematode species were found to be safe towards P. posthuma as they did not cause any earthworm mortality up to 3 weeks of treatment when applied at a dose of as high as 200 infective juveniles/ gram soil. It is concluded that presence of earthworms in the soil can have positive impacts on the host finding ability of the entomopathogenic nematodes due to their increased dispersal. Also, the tested EPN species had neutral impacts on survival of the earthworm species, P. posthuma. Therefore, we need to consider the role played by species-specificity in these interactions in order to use them effectively in devising bio-control programmes at field level.
ULTRASONIC AND DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF BACK FAT THICKNESS IN BARROWS
Ultrasonic instruments have an important role in the prediction of back fat depth of live pigs, mainly for the purpose of selecting animals for leaner pork production. Backfat in pigs consists of water, collagen, and lipid. Backfat thickness is one of the significant parameters to consider when selecting female pigs into breeding herds since it dominates a number of reproductive performances. The present study on measurement of back fat thickness (BFT) in thirty-six Landrace crossbred (62.5% Landrace and 37.5% Desi) live barrows and carcass was carried out at Swine production farm, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Utter Pradesh. The average BFT in live barrows was done by using back fat scanner one day before the schedule of slaughter and direct measurement of BFT in carcass were also observed after slaughter. In live barrows the BFT were measured at locations are midpoint of shoulder above elbow, middle of back where last rib joins the vertebrae and rump, straight above the stifle joint and average was calculated. The overall measurement of BFT of live barrows and carcass BFT (cm) were 1.81±0.44 and 2.12±0.08, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference of back fat thickness on live barrows and carcass were observed among the treatment groups. However, in dietary group had significantly highest back fat thickness measurement had been observed both live barrows and carcass. The BFT values were in values were in dietary group D3 (2.24±1.23), D2 (1.64±0.65) and in D1 (1.55±0.058) and in carcass D3 (2.59±0.12), D2 (1.92±0.10) and in D1 (1.85±0.058) respectively. However, values of BFT in lives barrows and carcass was almost similar. Based on this study it can be concluded that the Ultrasonic scanner is more reliable for prediction of BFT at growing stage of pigs and it can useful technique for selection of breeding stock for better genetic improvement and also for lean meat production.
Development of Vitamin D and Carotene fortified functional Yoghurt
Yoghurt is a favourite dairy product for billions of people around the world and the producers constantly seek out ways of bringing new varieties for new eating occasions to be enjoyed anywhere and anytime. Food fortification is thought to be a highly effective solution and among the most cost effective public health interventions currently available. The crystalline vitamin D the carotene were fortified in yoghurt. The optimized level of fortification of vitamin D at the concentration of 1500 IU per litre of milk and carotene at the concentration of 15% per litre of milk were incorporated in yoghurt and subjected to sensory evaluation, texture analysis and microbial profile during storage up to 14 days at 5⁰C. Further, the vitamin D and carotene fortified yoghurt samples were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to assess the retention of vitamin D and carotene in the fortified product during storage and found satisfactory. Hence, the developed Vitamin D and carotene fortified yoghurt will address the nutritional deficiency prevalent among the public and thereby improves the nutritional status.
Assessing the effect of variation in fat content and temperature on the electrical conductivity of milk: A regression modelling approach
The present study aims to examine the influence of milk fat content on Electrical Conductivity (EC) across a range of temperatures spanning from 25°C to 90°C. Milk is a heterogeneous combination of water, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, and lipids, with milk fat as a prominent component. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of milk fat on EC is of utmost importance for a range of applications within milk processing, including the evaluation of milk quality, the separation of cream, and the regulation of process parameters during ohmic heating. The EC of milk is affected by the movement of ions, which mainly originate from dissolved salts and charged functional groups found in proteins and other constituents. Until now, no literature has been published indicating a numeric range or value of EC for a wide temperature range for milk of various fat contents. Considering the above-mentioned points, the present study has been conducted for the analysis of the EC of milk with multiple fat percentages at a broader temperature range. Regression modelling and partial regression modelling techniques are used to investigate the correlation. It was observed that increasing fat percentage showed an inverse relationship with the EC of milk, whereas the EC increased with increasing milk temperature. The current study would be beneficial for the estimation of current requirements during the ohmic heating of milk, ultimately helping in the efficient design of an ohmic heater and optimizing the processing parameters.
Weather forecast interpretation for improved agro-advisory for Cauvery Delta Zone of Tamil Nadu, India
Cauvery Delta Zone in Tamil Nadu is a significant area used for agricultural production, and its productivity is prominently influenced by weather. Farmers would find agro-services based on meteorological indicators to be beneficial. Interpretation and verification of weather forecast for Cauvery Delta Zone is the main subject of this study. Based on weather forecasts from the India Meteorological Department, advisory services were provided to seven districts in the Cauvery Delta Zone. Actual weather data collected at the Agrometeorological observatory of the Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, was analysed to confirm the accuracy and validity of the weather forecast for 2022. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used to analyse the anticipated weather factors. Simple success probability analysis of rainfall forecast, 2022 indicated that in all districts more than 90 % success rate was registered during winter and summer. Minimum success rate was registered during NEM in most districts. Maximum temperature probability analysis indicated that higher success percentage was registered in most districts during winter, 2022. During summer highest success rate was recorded in Thajnavur district. Monsoon season (both SWM and NEM) registered less success rate than the winter and summer season. Forecast accuracy of wind speed is very poor in all districts for all season. This indicates clearly that there is a need to improve forecast accuracy for wind speed. Results confirm that weather forecast is useful for the farmers but further improvement of forecast accuracy is needed.