INTRODUCTION All the nations facing problems of poverty, hunger and malnutrition will need to accelerate their agricultural growth for achieving sustainable development goal (SDGs), especially while aiming at no poverty, zero hunger and safe environment for all (Paroda, 2017). Income is the most relevant measure to assess farmers' economic well being and sectoral transformation. The crises and distresses plaguing the sector endanger the very livelihoods and welfare of the farmers. Indian Government with the intention giving enough policy thrust on income security, proposed to double the farmers' income by 2022, platinum jubilee year of the Indian independence. The present study analysed the current status of farmers' income across holding size and regions and attempted to decipher the scope and pathways for doubling income through potential drivers. The findings from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) data indicated that the share of income has increased drastically from 5 per cent to 12 per cent in the case of livestock farming, 45 per cent to 48 per cent in crop production, while that of the wages and non-farm have declined between 2003 and 2013. The challenges faced by the farming community in the coming years have been highlighted for devising relevant pathway and strategies to enhance the income. Yield enhancement followed by cost reduction, fair price realisation and risk adaption has been identified as the potential pathway for doubling income. Farmers' income from crop production, livestock farming, wages and non-farm activities is an outcome of synergy and convergence between technology, extension, institutions and policies to achieve the set target. Indian agriculture needs a relook with a special focus on farm income through productivity/efficiency enhancement coupled with cost reduction, better price realisation and income risk coverage to be on the track of Doubling Farmer’s Income. The strategies for doubling the income focusing on IFS, New technologies, Innovations in Extension, diversification / intensification / pest and disease management in vulnerable regions, and cost reducing technologies. Thus, it can be concluded that integrate investment and leadership in science & technology, extension, institutions and policy interventions to doubling farmer’s income