Over the years, significant strides have been taken in harnessing solar energy for agricultural applications. Researchers have progressed well beyond mere experimentation, delving into diverse methods of desalination. From its inception as a straightforward Humidification-Dehumidification (HD) process, desalination technology has evolved to encompass a variety of advanced procedures. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the prevailing desalination techniques, aiming to shed light on the technological advancements and breakthroughs within this domain. Additionally, we critically evaluate the primary advantages and limitations associated with these desalination methods.