The sub-watershed of the Oued Bousaâda, covering an area of 2938.36 km², is part of the Hodna watershed, located southwest of Hodna in the high plateaus, and it is characterized by a semi-arid climate and the precipitation is highly irregular. These rains are associated with high variability. Soil erosion poses a serious environmental, agricultural, and social problem that affects and threatens this region. It is necessary to identify the most erosion-sensitive areas in this sub-watershed in order to determine priorities for mitigation actions. The objective of this study is to assess soil vulnerability to water erosion, develop a set of thematic maps (Vegetation Quality Map, Soil Quality Map, etc.), and create a database (DB) using an approach based on the MEDALUS (Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use) model and Geographic Information System (GIS). This mapping model is a tool intended to assist decision-makers in better managing water and soil resources, taking into account the expectations and needs of the rural population. By combining remote sensing with the analysis of factors known to affect the erosion process, such as climate, vegetation, soil, and demographics, a erosion sensitivity map has been created. The erosion risk mapping revealed that more than 75 % of the studied area showed high vulnerability to erosion. This map will be an essential tool for the socio-economic infrastructures of the region.