In the present scenario of global warming and risky food production system, agroforestry is an important land use system contributing multiple benefits in terms of goods and services. An investigation was carried out in 2022-23 at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India to understand the tree-crop interaction in some Gmelina arborea based landuse systems. Treatments consisted of 7-year old G. arborea (8m x 3m spacing) as woody crop and arhar, cowpea and greengram as intercrops in kharif. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with five replications. Total height of G. arborea was significantly higher with greengram (7.44m) followed by cowpea, arhar and sole. G. arborea sole had minimum height (5.86 m) which was at par with G. arborea + arhar. Similar trend was observed in case of DBH and crown spread. DBH ranged from 8.34 to 10.54 m and crown spread ranged from 3.08 to 3.88 m. G. arborea achieved significantly higher height, dbh and crown spread when grown with greengram over arhar as well as sole crop. Organic Carbon was maximum (0.80%) under G. arborea + greengram which was significantly higher over other treatments. Arhar sole recorded the lowest amount of O.C. (0.52%) and remained at par with cowpea and greengram. Soil pH ranged from 5.77 to 6.56 with maximum under G. arborea + greengram and minimum under arhar sole. Available nitrogen was maximum under G. arborea + greengram (304 kg/ha) and minimum under arhar sole (260 kg/ha). Available phosphorus ranged from 24.2 to 37.6 kg/ha and available potassium from 202 to 234 kg/ha with maximum under G. arborea + greengram whereas minimum under arhar sole.