Food security remains one of the most pressing challenges in Africa, where agricultural trade is both a driver of economic growth and a potential solution to regional hunger and poverty. The negotiation of agricultural trade agreements across African states plays a pivotal role in enhancing food availability, stabilizing prices, and promoting regional prosperity. This paper examines the dynamics of agricultural trade negotiations within Africa, emphasizing the impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and regional economic communities on food systems. It analyzes the balance between national protectionist policies and regional integration efforts, highlighting the opportunities for boosting intra-African trade in staple crops, livestock, and value-added products. The study further addresses constraints such as infrastructure gaps, non-tariff barriers, climate change, and governance issues that impede progress. Ultimately, it argues that comprehensive trade negotiations, underpinned by inclusive policies and sustainable practices, are essential for building resilient food systems, reducing dependence on external imports, and ensuring long-term regional prosperity.