The rice-wheat cropping system, which was important in supplying food to the growing population of South Asia, largely depended on the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). In the North Indian plains, long-term, intensive conventional wheat cultivation is associated with substantial environmental degradation, reduced factor productivity, multiple nutrient deficiencies, groundwater depletion, labor shortage, and high cultivation costs. Creation of new wheat varieties, management of soil and water resources, and use of resource-conserving techniques in wheat cultivation are important intervention areas to address the problem. And it is necessary to work to grow plants with low water demands, to promote the replacement of wheat with many other crops in light-textured soils and rain-fed areas. Direct seeding of short duration, high yielding and stress-tolerant wheat varieties with water can help wheat production in medium-heavy soils. Furthermore, an integrated approach of varieties suitable for conservation agriculture, zero-tillage and need-based use of water, fertilizers, and pesticides can be used to create a sustainable wheat production system in the existing environment. The key concerns related to the productivity and sustainability of wheat farming systems are discussed in detail in this review study, along with possible solutions and alternatives.