Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was the most important cereal crop in Algeria. Twenty Algerian and introduce genotypes used in this study with a set of 18 wheat microsatellites molecular markers (Simple Sequence Repeat-SSR). This study is to use SSR marker to examine their utility in detecting DNA polymorphism and assessing genetic diversity. A total of 62 alleles were detected at 13 loci using 13 microsatellites primer pairs. The total numbers of alleles per locus (Na) ranged from 4 to 7 with a average of 4,7 alleles. The mean values of the number of effective alleles (Ne), and Shannon’s information index (I) were estimated at 3,425 and 1,31 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) values scored 1.00 at all loci, and the Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0,60 at the locus WMC19 to 1,00 for the primer WMC25 averaging at 0.72. The mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was slightly higher than the mean expected heterozygosity (He), determining a negative fixation index (F) at all loci, (average F=-0.45). Both groups of local bread wheat populations (Algerian) and those introduced from CYMMIT have almost the same number of alleles, (Na) 55,0 and 54,0 respectively. While the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) was similar in the two groups, (He) was higher in Algerian genotypes, resulting in a negative fixation index (F) for both these two groups. The phylogenetic tree divided the 20 genotypes into two clusters. AMOVA revealed diversity within populations at 99% and between populations at 1%. The current populations were found to be highly structured. STRUCTURE analysis showed three groups at K =3. The first Group has the largest number of genotypes. The results proved the microsatellite markers SSR utility in detecting polymorphism due to the discrimination of various genotypes and estimating genetic diversity.