Medical errors remain a significant global challenge, representing one of the leading causes of preventable morbidity and mortality. These errors can compromise patient safety, erode public trust in healthcare systems, and impose significant financial burdens on both patients and healthcare providers. In Saudi Arabia, addressing medical errors has become a priority, particularly in light of the healthcare transformation initiatives under Vision 2030. This national strategy emphasizes quality improvement, transparency, and patient-centered care, making the exploration of public awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward medical errors a timely and critical area of study. By understanding the systemic and cultural factors influencing medical errors, this research aims to inform targeted interventions and policy reforms to enhance patient safety. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted with a representative sample of the Saudi population. Statistical analyses, including correlation measures, were applied to examine relationships among demographic variables and participants' responses. The findings reveal a predominantly young and educated sample, with a moderate positive correlation between age and education level (r = 0.296), suggesting that older individuals have higher educational attainment. Participants demonstrated high awareness of medical errors, reflecting successful public health campaigns under Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. However, gaps in understanding among some respondents highlight the need for tailored educational interventions. Systemic issues, such as communication breakdowns and inadequate training, were identified as primary causes of medical errors, aligning with global findings. Transparency emerged as a critical factor influencing trust, with participants strongly supporting open disclosure policies. Additionally, the willingness to engage in safety initiatives underscores the potential for collaborative efforts in reducing medical errors. Key recommendations include enhancing education, improving communication, promoting transparency, and leveraging public engagement. Despite its contributions, the study acknowledges limitations, including reliance on self-reported data and potential underrepresentation of rural populations. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing systemic healthcare challenges to enhance patient safety and align with Vision 2030 goals.