Journal ID : AMA-18-07-2023-12445
[This article belongs to Volume - 54, Issue - 07]
Total View : 437

Title : Mechanized Tillage-Induced Compaction and its Effect on Maize (Zea Mays L.) Growth and Yield - A Comprehensive Review and Analysis

Abstract :

While agricultural engineers are concerned with physico-mechanical properties of arable soils, agronomists tackle crop management husbandry as soil scientists’ dwell on bio-chemical properties. Such diverse and isolated interests seldom report any interaction or integrated effect of biological, agronomical, and physico-mechanical parameters of soils affected by mechanized tillage induced compaction. This paper reviews intrinsic effects of mechanized tillage-induced compaction on soil-water-nutrient dynamics, crop growth, and yield of maize. Mechanized tillage induced top and subsoil compaction are caused by soil-tyre contact stresses and machinery axle loads respectively. Mechanized tillage-induced compaction reduced maize nutrient absorption levels of Nitrogen (N), Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and Sodium (Na) by 13.5%, 51.4%, 50.4% and 51.5% respectively. Maize N uptake was least affected by tillage-induced compaction compared to P and K. Mechanized tillage-induced compaction improved maize root intensity, root mass and volume by over 50% in compacted topsoils but decreased by 90% in the sublayers. Maize root length, fresh and dry root mass, shoot elongation, height, and leaf area index reduced by 29%, 39.1, 37.8, 27.1, 10-21, and 67.8% respectively. In contrast, mechanized tillage-induced compaction improved soil-seed-soil-root contacts, soil-root-bonding root density and diameter, stiffness, anchorage, and root-lodging resistance of maize. Mechanized tillage induced compaction index and bulk density range of 1.5-3.0MPa and 1.2-1.52 Mg/m3 respectively are the critical levels beyond which maize rooting, growth and yield are impaired. Dependent on dynamic soil covariates, viz limiting water range, matrix suction potential and organic matter content; mechanized tillage-induced compaction reduces maize yield by as high as 50%.

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