Public awareness and understanding of nuclear medicine are crucial for its acceptance and adherence as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. However, limited knowledge about nuclear medicine persists globally, including in Saudi Arabia. This study assesses the community's knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward nuclear medicine treatment in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire targeting 1,500 Saudi residents aged 18 and above. The survey collected demographic data and assessed awareness, perceptions, knowledge of applications, and attitudes toward nuclear medicine. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. Among respondents, 317 (20.91%) were male and 158 (10.42%) female, with the majority aged 35–44 years (516; 34.04%) and holding a bachelor’s degree (516; 34.04%). Only 236 (10.2%) participants reported prior awareness of nuclear medicine, and 152 (6.57%) described themselves as "very knowledgeable." Concerns about radiation exposure (152; 6.57%) and side effects (254; 10.98%) were prevalent. Additionally, 236 (10.2%) recognized nuclear medicine's role in treating cancer, while 254 (10.98%) identified its use in neurological disorders. Support for public awareness campaigns was strong (236; 10.2%), with 254 (10.98%) expressing interest in learning more about nuclear medicine. Chi-square tests revealed no significant association between gender (χ² = 0.196, p = 0.658) or age group (χ² = 3.435, p = 0.329) and awareness levels. There are significant gaps in public knowledge and perceptions of nuclear medicine in Saudi Arabia. Addressing these gaps through targeted educational campaigns is essential to improve awareness, dispel misconceptions, and enhance acceptance. Such efforts will play a vital role in promoting nuclear medicine as an effective healthcare solution.