The influence of tillage practices, residue management, and nitrogen fertilizer application on root properties and crop productivity was investigated in this study. Deep tillage (DT) at 45 cm depth versus shallow tillage (ST) at 15 cm depth were compared in main plots, while residue management strategies (Conventional tillage with residue (CT+R), Conventional tillage without residue (CT-R), Minimum tillage with residue (MT+R), and Minimum tillage without residue (MT-R)) and different levels of fertilizer-N application (75%, 100%, and 125% recommended) were tested in sub-plots and sub-subplots, respectively. Results indicated that tillage depth had no significant impact on the growth attributes and productivity of rice and wheat. However, conventional tillage (CT) with or without residue retention significantly increased rice grain yield compared to minimum tillage (MT). Wheat productivity was not significantly affected by tillage and residue management interactions. Application of 125% recommended fertilizer-N resulted in significantly higher yields for both rice and wheat compared to 75%, although it was statistically similar to 100%. Thus, it can be concluded that fertilizer-N management combined with residue retention under variable tillage intensity significantly influences crop productivity and root properties