Aiming to address the problems of decreasing the performance rate, high soil resistance, and high damage rate in mechanized harvesting of Panax Notoginseng in hilly and mountainous areas, the self-propelled Panax Notoginseng combine harvester has been designed. The key Working components of the harvester work on separating them from the soil, lifting, and collecting Panax Notoginseng in a single operation. Two shovel types of excavation shovels were tested as the research point to increase performance and decrease the damage rate by selecting the optimum operation parameter via theoretical analysis and mechanical calculation. Two types of excavation shovels (arch and flat) with the three-dimensional model were designed by SolidWorks software and established, then tested and analyzed under three parameters: working speeds of 0.5m/s, 0.7m/s, and 0.9m/s, excavation depths of 140mm, 170mm, and 200mm, and penetration angle of 12◦, 15◦, and 17◦. The results show that the stress, strain, and total deformation of the arch excavation shovel were lower than that of the flat excavation shovel. The EDEM simulation results indicate that the minimal soil resistance of the arch and flat shovels were 163 N and 550 N, respectively. The field experiment results showed that the working speed of 0.7 m/s, the excavation depth of 170 mm, and the penetration angle of 15° were the optimum harvesting parameters that provide a harvest rate of 95.30%, 95.07%, and damage rate of 2.28%, 3.12% for arch and flat shovels respectively.