An electric ditching and fertilizing machine was designed for orchards to enhance the environmental sustainability of mechanized orchard fertilization and reduce production costs and labor intensity in China. The design considered the agronomic requirements of domestic miniaturized orchards. Driven by a pure electric main engine, equipment could perform ditching and fertilizing functions simultaneously. Its main working parts were composed of a fertilization assembly, a ditching cutter assembly, and a transmission block body. The work elucidated the design principles of key components and the entire unit and verified the operation quality of the model through field tests. The stability of the ditch depth reached 85.0%, and the coefficient of variation for consistency in fertilizer discharge per row reached 8.5%. The coefficient of variation for stability in total fertilizer discharge reached 6.2%, and the uniformity coefficient of fertilizer discharge reached 65.0%. The fertilizer’s broken rate was 4.0% at a forward velocity of 0.7 km/h, with a ditch depth of 16.5 cm, a ditch surface width of 18.0 cm, and a ditch bottom width of 10.0 cm. The agronomic requirements of electric ditching and fertilizing operations could be met in orchards. The research provides a reference for the in-depth research and development of miniaturized fertilizing machinery in the fruit industry.