Journal ID : AMA-15-11-2023-12726
[This article belongs to Volume - 54, Issue - 11]
Total View : 470

Title : Crop establishment method and weed management practice influences weed prevalences, crop growth and yield of maize in maize-wheat-greengram cropping system

Abstract :

Weeds are considered to be a major biotic constraints in crop production. Under conservation agriculture (CA), non-inversion of soil, retention of previous crop residues, and crop diversification alter the weed dynamics. Although, it supports sustainable crop production by enhancing soil health. Long-term adoption of CA may help in establishing perennial weeds. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to assess the feasibility of crop establishment methods and weed management practices in maize during the rainy season of 2021 and 2022. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot comprised two crop establishment methods, conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) and four weed management practices [weedy check, recommended herbicide (RH), integrated weed management (IWM), herbicide rotations (HR)] in maize-wheat-greengram cropping system. The results revealed that ZT exhibited lower weed density (89.5 and 72.9 no. m-2, respectively) and biomass (62.6 and 42.9 g m-2, respectively). Among the weed management practices, HR recorded the lowest weed density (43.8 and 29.8 no. m-2, respectively) and weed biomass (34.1 and 19.4 g m-2, respectively). Lower weeds under ZT, encourages plant growth and it became (1.9 and 2.7%, respectively) taller and (22.2 and 18.9%) heavier over CT. Imposition of herbicides in rotation also provided good weed control, thus, obtained taller and heavier plants in both the years. The findings also showed a strong negative linear relationship between weeds and grain yield. Regression analysis between yield attributes and yield showed a positive linear relationship. Growing maize under ZT obtained higher grain and straw yield with 6673 kg ha-1 in 2021 and 5765 kg ha-1 in 2022, while straw yield was 11366 kg ha-1 and 9319 kg ha-1, respectively. Imposition of weed management with rotating herbicides exhibited significantly higher grain yield (7815 and 7031 kg ha-1, respectively) during both the years, however, straw yield was higher in HR (12163 kg ha-1) in the first year, and in the second year it was higher with IWM (10587 kg ha-1). Based on the experimental findings, maize can be grown under ZT with either HR or IWM for effective weed control, better crop growth, and higher yield in maize-wheat-greengram system.

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