Jiangsu is a large agricultural province and grain-producing province in China. Agricultural machinery enterprises in Jiangsu are the main body of scientific and technological innovation of agricultural mechanization in the province. There is a close intrinsic connection between technological innovation and patent. This paper takes patents as a perspective to conduct a comparative study on the innovation ability of agricultural machinery enterprises in Jiangsu. The study shows that the patents of Jiangsu agricultural machinery enterprises are mainly utility model, of which the proportion of utility model patents is 79.93%. The vast majority of enterprises rely on their own technical force to carry out product and technology innovation, and about 1/4 of them have applied for patent cooperation with universities and institutes. There are 88.6% of enterprises did not apply for international patents. The difference in innovation power of enterprises in the first, second, third and fourth echelons is obvious.