The habitat, distribution, morphology, morphometric and production performance of the Thanjavur Black goats were studied by a pretested interview schedule in the eastern districts of Tamil Nadu. A study was undertaken on 250 randomly selected goat flocks in Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Tiruchirappalli and Pudukkottai districts of Tamil Nadu. Thanjavur Black goat is a compact, medium-sized, black-coloured animal. Coat is uniformly black and covered with short, straight black hair. The least squares means of height at withers, chest girth and body length of an adult goat were 61.59 ± 0.17, 59.71 ± 0.21 and 58.08 ± 0.25 cm respectively. The least squares means for body weight at birth, 3, 6, 9, 12 months and adult goats were 1.82 ± 0.02, 5.99 ± 0.05, 9.30 ± 0.07, 12.12 ± 0.09, 14.16 ± 0.08; and 22.63 ± 0.22 kg respectively. In all age groups of Thanjavur Black goats, the statistical analysis revealed a highly significant (P <0.01) effect of sex on body weight were observed. The overall dressing percentage was 51.02% at 20.63 months. The average age at first mating, age at first kidding and kidding intervals were 9.58 ± 0.10, 14.93 ± 0.10 and 7.89 ± 0.15 months respectively. The life time number of kidding in a doe was 6.66 ± 0.09. The average litter size of the does pooled over parities was 1.71 ± 0.03 and the incidence of multiple births was 57.21 per cent. This indigenous germplasm needs to be recognized by the NBAGR, Karnal as a separate breed.