The study was undertaken to determine the factors accountable for livestock progressiveness and to identify the relative position of each district in its contribution to livestock potential in the state of Tamil Nadu by using secondary data. Factor analysis with principal component approach (PCA) was used to determine the relationship among indicators for assessing livestock production potentials. The results revealed four major components contributing to livestock production viz., “agriculture cum cow milk”, “small ruminant meat”, “buffalo milk” and “large ruminant meat”. These components together explained 64 percent of variations and their eigenvalues were greater than 1.5. The factors extracted with factor loadings above 0.4 were considered for interpretation. Based on the factor scores, eigenvalues of factors, and factor loadings, an index was constructed and the relative position of districts was identified. Further, the districts were classified into three categories based on the index: highly progressive, moderately progressive, and least progressive districts in the livestock sector. This identification of the relative position of the district based on resource availability would help the planners and policymakers to reorient their strategies on areas where livestock progress can be enhanced.