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AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering. Lizi Jiaohuan Yu Xifu/Ion Exchange and Adsorption Fa yi xue za zhi
18 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue- 04 )
30 Apr 2024 (Vol - 55 , Issue 04 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Developing Hapten Conjugates For Imidacloprid Immunoassay
Pesticide residues are determined using sophisticated equipment such as UHPLC, LCMS, GC, and GCMS, which necessitate high operating costs, a controlled atmosphere for instrument housing, and technical personnel for handling. The field of immunoassay has made it possible to determine pesticide residues in food products in situ without the assistance of technical personnel. In order to establish an immunoassay approach, it is necessary to synthesize hapten and conjugate it with a carrier protein for generating an immunological response in any animal system. Therefore, the method for synthesizing imidacloprid hapten and the covalent linkage with carrier proteins such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were explored in this work. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of synthesized hapten revealed that its Rf value was distinct from that of the imidacloprid standard (0.98) and hapten (0.2). The production of imidacloprid hapten was subsequently confirmed by LCMS and 1HNMR. The generated hapten was conjugated with BSA using the active carboxyl ester technique for further use as an antigen.
FARMERS’ EXTENT OF KNOWLEDGE TOWARD HAPPY SEEDER TECHNOLOGY
The study aims at finding the extent of farmers knowledge about happy seeder technology of wheat sowing in standing paddy stubbles and correlation with their personal attributes, was conducted in Ambala & Kurukshetra district of Haryana state with the sample of 160 respondents of twenty villages. As per results, however, majority of the farmers were belonged to full and partial level of knowledge about some Aspects/Items (Those were related to benefits of happy seeder and suitable type of tractor for operating it), out of Thirteen Aspects/Items, selected and listed in interview schedule for the study, such as Happy seeder is a time and fuel-saving technology, Happy seeder technology is an Eco-friendly technology, Happy seeder improves soil health and, Compatible tractor type and its HP for operating the machine. But, even that, they had little knowledge about the remaining Aspects/Items, Therefore, their overall knowledge about the HS was less, in fact, the majority of farmers possessed a low level of expertise about Happy seeder technology as a whole. So, most of the respondents were belonged to low level category of Overall knowledge towards Happy Seeder Technology. In case of personal traits, it was found that those attributes which had taken in the study, were found to have positively correlated but only one trait i.e. age was negatively correlated with knowledge level of farmers.
THE EFFECTS OF NANO FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA
Field experiments were carried out to study the effect of nanofertilzers on yield attributing characters and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) at the Agriculture Research Station, Binjhagiri, Chatabara, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, during February 2021-May 2021. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and fifteen treatments viz., Control (only FYM) T1,75% RDF (Conventional fertilizer in soil) T2, 100% RDF (Conventional fertilizer in soil) T3,75% RDF + IFFCO Nano Nitrogen (Foliar spray) @ 3 ml/l T4,75% RDF + IFFCO Nano Nitrogen (Foliar spray) @ 4 ml/l T5,75% RDF + IFFCO Nano Nitrogen (Foliar spray) @ 5 ml/l T6,100% RDF+ IFFCO Nano Nitrogen (Foliar spray) @ 3 ml/l T7,100% RDF+ IFFCO Nano Nitrogen (Foliar spray) @ 4 ml/l T8,100% RDF+ IFFCO Nano Nitrogen (Foliar spray) @ 5 ml/l T9,75% RDF+ Geolife N:P: K (19:19:19) @ 1 g/l T10,75% RDF+ Geolife N:P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 g/l T11,75% RDF+ Geolife N:P: K (19:19:19) @ 3 g/l T12,100% RDF+ Geolife N:P: K (19:19:19) @ 1 g/l T13,100% RDF+ Geolife N:P: K (19:19:19) @ 2 g/l T14, 100% RDF+ Geolife N:P: K (19:19:19) @ 3 g/l T15. The present study revealed that the maximum plant height (107.41 cm), was obtained with T3 +IFFCO Nano N(Foliar sprays @ 3 ml/litre), whereas maximum fruit length (14.26 cm) and maximum fruit weight(16g) was obtained with T3 + Geolife NPK(19:19:19) @2g/l. The maximum yield per plant (193.93 g) was recorded with T2 +IFFCO Nano N (Foliar sprays @ 4 ml/l).
Morphogenic and Molecular variability of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici isolates causing wilt of tomato
Fusarium wilt of tomato, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) is one of the major constraints in tomato production in Rajasthan. The present study was undertaken to investigate the cultural, morphological and molecular variability among ten isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici recovered from various locations of Rajasthan. Among the isolates maximum mycelial growth (90 mm) and maximum sporulation (4.6 x 106/mm2) with whitish regular fluffy growth at middle and light yellow-white pigmentation was recorded in Udaipur isolate (UDPA Fo-1). Whereas, isolate CHTT Fo-7 from Chittorgarh showed minimum mycelial growth (72 mm) and (2.6 x 106 conidia/mm2) sporulation and fluffy growth with deep serrated margin and white colony color with creamy-white pigmentation. The size of macro and micro-conidia measured highest in isolate CHTG Fo-8 with 22.6 (22.1-23.4) × 5.72 (5.41-6.01) µm and 5.89 (5.68-6.10) x 3.04 (2.98-3.1) µm length, respectively. The minimum length and width of macro and micro-conidia was measured in isolate UDPA Fo-1 7.8 (7.2-8.4) x 2.17 (1.95-2.4) µm and 4.05 (3.9-4.2) x 1.10 (1.0-1.21) µm respectively. Molecular characterization of the isolates was performed by using reproducibility of PCR amplification. A total of 10 RAPD primers were used and total 121 reproducible bands were amplified, out of which 94 (77.6%) were polymorphic and 27 (22.3%) were monomorphic. Similarity coefficient among the isolates ranged from 1.8 percent (BNSH Fo-9 and PRTB Fo-3) to 68.9 percent (CHTGFo-8 and JPRDFo-5). Genetic similarity co-efficient was relatively low among all the isolates, which ranged from 0.018 to 0.68. The maximum similarity value (0.689) was obtained between isolates CHTG Fo-8 and JPRD Fo-5.
EFFECTS EVALUATION OF BOTANICALS, BIO-AGENTS AND FUNGICIDES AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri CAUSING WILT DISEASE IN SUSCEPTIBLE VARIETY OF CHICKPEA (JG- 62) UNDER IN-VIVO (POT CULTURE) CONDITION
Pulse crops play an important role in Indian agriculture, besides being rich in protein, they sustain the productivity of the cropping system. Ascochyta blight, Fusarium wilt and dry root rot are major diseases of chickpea. Among of all these the wilt disease of chickpea which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri has been considered as divesting one to cause 10 to cent percent loss in yield of chickpea. This pot experiment was conducted for two consecutive years of 2019-20 and 2020-21 in completely randomized design with four replications and five treatments included its suitable control in pot culture under field conditions (in-vivo). The seed of highly wilt susceptible variety (JG- 62) of chickpea was taken for this investigation.It was valuated that only two botanicals viz., Azadirachta indica and Parthenium hysterophorus were found most effective in reducing the wilt incidence disease 4.25 and 5.37 percent, respectively, along with this seed germination percentage and seedling emergence was found also higher in Azadirachta indica as 23.00 and 19.25 percent, respectively followed by Parthen in compression of Lantana camara and Argemone mexicana. In case of bio-agents results were valuated that’s, only two bio-agents viz., Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum were found most effective in reducing the wilt incidence disease by 4.75 and 5.50 percent, respectively, along with this seed germination percentage and seedling emergence was found maximum in Trichoderma viride as23.87 and 22.25 percent, respectively followed by T. harzianum as 21.5 and 18.62 percent, respectively in compression of T. hamatum and T. koningiiand in the case of fungicides, results were revaluated that’s, only two fungicides of different groups viz., Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% (combi-fungicides) and Carbendazim (systemic fungicide) were found most effective in reducing the wilt incidence disease 1.50 and 2.62 percent, respectively, along with this seed germination percentage and seedling emergence was found maximum in Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% as 24.25 and 22.75 percent, respectively followed by Carbendazim as 23.25 and 21.62 percent, respectively. Minimum effectiveness was recorded in non-systemic fungicide namely Chlorothalonil 75% WP during this investigation into the pot culture under in-vivo (field conditions).