AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (AMA) (issn: 00845841) is a peer reviewed journal first published online after indexing scopus in 1982. AMA is published by Farm Machinery Industrial Research Corp and Shin-Norinsha Co. AMA publishes every subjects of general engineering and agricultural engineering.
WOS Indexed (2025)
07 Dec 2025 (Vol - 56 , Issue- 12 )
31 Dec 2025 (Vol - 56 , Issue 12 )
Aim and Scope :
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America
AMA, Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America (ISSN: 00845841) is a peer-reviewed journal. The journal covers Agricultural and Biological Sciences and all sort of engineering topic. the journal's scopes are in the following fields but not limited to:
Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Electrical Engineering and Telecommunication
Electronic Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Transportation Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial and Commercial Design
Information Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Food Engineering
Implementation of Smart Farming and intimation system through SMS using RASPBERRY PI and TELEGRAM
In this paper, we discuss about how to use a Telegram bot for smart farming on our farmland. As technology advances, the world becomes smarter, and new technologies are created on a daily basis. There are other options to automate smart agriculture, including web servers and websites, but we are currently experimenting with the telegraph app, which is available on both Windows and Android smartphones. The suggested system's capacity to track temperature, humidity, and wetness using sensors and NodeMCU is one of its features. It can do this while also sending SMS alerts and notifying the farmer's smartphone app about the situation. We will install a programme on the Raspberry Pi that allows us to access or manage devices located anywhere in the globe. The Raspberry Pi 3 board is being used to execute the smart automation, although other microcontrollers can also be used to accomplish this. It has a DC motor, moisture sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. This system begins to measure the level of moisture and humidity. The sensors are used to detect the water level, and if it falls below a certain threshold, the system immediately begins watering. This helps to prevent manual error and reduces the amount of labour required to manually swap the devices. The idea's objective is to increase farmer procurement in the agricultural industry by decreasing human participation.
Impact of Declining Human Labour on Farming Sector and Farmers Strategies to Cope Labour Scarcity
The present study was undertaken in Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu State to assess the impact of declining labours in agricultural sector. In the study 120 farmers and 120 waged labours were interviewed to find the dynamics of labour supply and farmers strategies to cope labour shortage. The wage had increase to an extent of five times in Tamil Nadu in past fifteen years and the compound growth rate of the wage for the male labour was 13.96 per cent and 12.89 per cent per annum for female labour in Tamil Nadu. The low wages, increasing money requirement for consumption, indebtness, unemployment during off season, more drudgery etc., were the major reason for not preferring farm works. It was found that 33 per cent of effective working hours have been reduced. The farmers mitigate labour scarcity by machineries for transplanting, weeding and harvesting etc., and 8.33 per cent of the sample farmers have changed the cropping pattern and moved towards less labour intensive crop like coconut. The Markov Chain analysis revealed that the probability of retention of paddy crop is only 69 per cent and lose 11 per cent of paddy area to coconut. The labour scarcity ultimately leads an unrecoverable impact on the crop production and farmers respond to it by mitigating through machinery and changes in cropping pattern. As it is inevitable to have a structural shift in the profession by the general population during economic progress, accordingly the alternate mitigation strategies have to be carved to continue the farming business.
Economic Analysis of Marketing Margins of Roadside Marketers of Agricultural Produce along Major Highways in Osun State, Nigeria
The study carried out the economic analysis of marketing margins of roadside marketers of agricultural produce along major highways in Osun State. It also sought to determine the factors that affect their gross margins. A total of one hundred forty (140) roadside marketers' primary data were gathered utilising a pre-tested interview schedule that was given to each of thirty-five (35) respondents in four distinct locations. Descriptive statistics, gross margin model, and multiple regression model were used to analyse the data collected. The majority of roadside marketers (85.7%) were under 50, married (87.9%), had at least a primary school education (85%), and had less than 10 years of marketing experience (56.4%), according to the research. The roadside marketers were selling commodities which included palm oil, yam, plantain, cocoyam, banana, pineapple, snails, honey and others with the dominant commodities being plantain (77.1%), yam (64.3%) and palm oil (56.4%). The average gross margin of the roadside marketers was estimated at ₦25, 312.90 per month The coefficients of age, educational level and the starting capital of the roadside marketers were found to be significant at 5% (P<0.05) and had the expected signs while the coefficients of the total sales, purchase cost and consumer price were significant at 1% (P<0.01) level of probability and also had the expected signs. Roadside marketing is profitable, according to the study's findings, and it is advised that this strategy be investigated and updated by the Nigerian policymakers.
Evaluation of Genetic diversity in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) germplasm using Principal Component Analysis
Principal component analysis was performed to determine the pattern of genetic diversity in 45 redgram genotypes using nine morphological and phenological characters. The largest variation was observed for seed yield per plant with coefficient of variation of 76.65% followed by number of pods per plant (74.98), number of branches (30.27) and plant height (26.93). The least variation was observed in days to maturity with coefficient of variation of 11.17%. Principal component analysis extracted three components contributing to around 76.55% of total variability among nine characters. Principal component 1 had the contribution from the traits such as days to 50 % flowering, plant height, seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant which accounted to 36.47 % of the total variability. The principal component 2 explained 24.36 % of total variability from number of seeds per pod, pod length, number of branches and 100 seed weight. Number of pod per plant, days to maturity and seed yield per plant had contributed 15.72% of total variability in principal component 3. Thus the results of principal component analysis used in the study had revealed the high level of genetic variation and the traits controlling for the variation were identified. Hence, these entries can be utilized for trait improvement in breeding programs for the traits contributing for major variation. Correlation analysis revealed that Number of pods per plant had highly significant and positive association with seed yield per plant. Cluster analysis depicted two clusters and identified the groups of cultivars those were more closely related.
Studies on Quality Evaluation of Protein Enriched Bamboo Shoot Flour Cookies
Bamboo is one such plant popularly known for its industrial uses but the consumption of young shoots as food remains neglected. Present study focused on the use of bamboo shoots flour for the production of baked goods owing to their enormous health benefits. Formulations were developed with different proportions of refined wheat flour, Bamboo shoot flour and Sprouted soya bean flour in the ratios T0100% Refined Wheat Flour (100 %), T1 40%Refined Wheat Flour: Bamboo shoots flour, Sprouted Soy Bean Flour (40:40:20), T2 Refined Wheat Flour: Bamboo shoots flour : Sprouted Soy Bean Flour; (50:30:20)and T3 Refined Wheat Flour: Bamboo shoots flour : Sprouted Soy Bean Flour; (50:40:10) respectively. The physical characteristics of the prepared cookies varied with the variation in the proportion of individual flours in the different blends. The cookies weight ranged from 10.62g to 11.14g with cookies that contained the highest percentage of bamboo shoots (T3) having the least weight while cookies with the least percentage of bamboo shoots flour(T1). The diameter and thickness of the produced cookies ranged from 44.62 to 4.89 (cm) and from 1.33 to 1.45(cm) respectively. The moisture content was ranged from 5.73 to 6.58. The control (T0) had the high moisture content 5.73% on the initial day of analysis. At the end of the storage period (45 days) the moisture content was lower in T2 (6.02 %) sample. Initially the protein content was ranged from 7 to 9 % of control and 24 to 26.5 % in T2 samples. Initially the fat content maintained from 29 to 32 per cent. The T2 had the highest fat content 32 per cent on the initial day of analysis and the T1 control treatment had the minimum fat content of 29 per cent. Initially the total carbohydrate content was ranged from 40 to 43 per cent. In control sample The T2had the lowest total carbohydrate content (26.12%) at the end of 45 days of storage the total carbohydrate content was slightly decreased. The initial crude fiber content was maintained from 2.74 to 3.3 per cent. The T2 had the highest crude fiber content 3.5% on the initial day of analysis and the T0 control treatment had the minimum crude fiber content of 2.74%. The free fatty acid content of bamboo shoot cookies ranged from 0.12 to 0.32%. The sensory evaluation for colour, flavor, taste texture and overall acceptability were high in cookies. The microbial load viz., total plate count, yeast and mould count of bamboo shoot flour cookies was Below Detectable Level (BDL) on 0 day (initial) of storage period. At the end of the 45 days of storage, the bamboo shoot flour cookies showed high in total plate count (8 cfu/ml) of T1 sample when compared to T12 sample .So storage study of the bamboo shoot flour cookies was acceptable for 45 days.